Weill  !iit 


!|ander$tylle^  Spailu,  lllaj 


By,  (]Qi^s.  Lc.  D.  tOHi.nsoM, 


George  Washington  Flowers 

Memorial  Collection 

DUKE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 

ESTABLISHED  BY  THE 

FAMILY  OF 

COLONEL  FLOWERS 

Pamphlet  Collection 
Duke  University  Library 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2015 


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CONFEDERATE  MONUMENT,  AUGUSTA,  GA. 


Sketches  of  Augusta.  Ga, 

SANDERSVILLE,  SPARTA,  MADISON,  WAYNESBORO, 

AND 


OF  ATLANTA,  GA. 


DEDICATION. 


To  the  People  of  Augusta,  the  most  bkautiful  City  in  thk  Soi;th,  with  tlie 
earnest  wish  tiiat  tlie  City  may  continue  to  grow  in  Commercial  importance  for  tlie 
next  twenty  years,  as  it  has  in  the  past  ten,  I  dedicate  these  unwortliy  sicetchcs. 

Respectfully, 


THE  AUTHOR. 


Sketches  of  Augusta,  Ga. 


fiHERE  lingers  around  the  beautiful  city  of  Augusta, 
^    a  touch  of  antiquity.    There  is  a  kind  of  ante-belhnn 
glory  shining  on  these  old  aristocratic  homes,  which 
will  shine  forever — very  suggestive  of  the  luxury  and  ease 
in  which  the  old-time  Southerner  lived,  taking  but  little 
thought — "  wherewithal  ye  shall  be  clothed  and  fed." 

There  were  no  sleepless  nights  of  real  agony  then ;  no 
gaunt  visions  of  poverty  stared  one  in  the  face.  The 
shock  came — and  then,  real  Southern  manhood  asserted 
itself  Let  the  history  of  the  past  fifteen  years  tell  that 
story. 

I  cannot  help  but  think,  as  I  stroll  leisurely  down  Greene 
street,  what  if  the  old  houses  could  talk — what  if  these 
old  trees,  that  have  stood  like  sentinels  at  their  post  for  so 
many  long  years — what  if  they  had  voices  and  could  tell 
what  they  have  seen — what  tales  they  would  tell  of  young 
lovers  plighting  their  troth  under  the  soft  Southern  starlit 
skies,  drinking  as  only  hot  blooded,  impetuous  youth  can 
drink,  of  every  cup  of  bliss,  over  which  the  young  imagi- 
nation loves  to  linger  in  its  passionate  visions  of  delight. 

The  soft  rose-hues  of  the  day  are  fast  dying  out  there, 
and  the  city  of  Augusta  will  soon  be  lost  amidst  a  pile  of 
sombre,  picturesque  shadows,  I  wish  I  could  paint  this 
lovely  Southern  city  as  it  deserves,  I  wish  my  pen  were 
equal  to  the  task  of  describing  its  graceful,  charming,  fas- 
cinating people — the  people  of  Augusta,  whose  lofty  pres- 
tige and  chivalrous  deeds  entitle  them  to  be  classed  a  race 
of  heroes.  I  wish  that  my  pen  could  but  ever  so  faintly 
portray  the  music  of  the  waters  that  tune  the  wheels  of 
Augusta's  manifold  industries  as  they  come  over  the  falls. 


4  SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA. 


When  the  roar  of  the  gulf  of  destruction  burst  over  this 
startled  land,  the  Star  of  the  South  went  down  in  the  mid- 
night of  defeat.  Smiles  came  but  seldom  in  those  days, 
and  on  every  side  was  heard  the  voice  of  despair.  Then 
it  was  that  Georgia,  the  Empire  State  of  the  South,  arose 
from  her  stupefaction,  and  took  the  lead  in  the  work  of 
rehabihtation. 

See  now  how  the  waste  places  have  blossomed  into 
beauty.  Think  of  the  destitution  there  must  be  in  the 
homes  of  the  lowly,"  were  it  not  for  the  hundreds  of  in- 
dustrial enterprises  around  Augusta,  Columbus,  and  other 
Southern  cities. 

Think  of  the  poor  little  children  going  to  sleep  in  their 
tattered  blankets,  while  only  a  faint  glow  comes  from 
their  own  hearthstones,  as  the  snow  drifts  up  in  the  hol- 
lows, and  the  winds  sob  eeriely  around  the  house  corners ! 
Think  of  the  mother  hushing  their  cries  of  hunger  with 
kisses,  while  her  own  heart  is  breaking,  for  God  knows  it 
is  a  "most  bitter  lot  to  be  poor  when  it  snows."  Think 
of  all  this,  and  bless  the  gentlemen  who  organized  the 
manufactories,  and  have  given  employment  to  so  many 
families,  and  provided  them  with  comfortable  quarters. 

Augusta,  situated  on  the  Savannah  river,  has  a 
population  of  about  30,000,  including  the  suburban  vil- 
lages. It  is  a  very  old  city,  having  been  laid  off  by 
authority  of  the  British  Government,  in  the  year  1735. 
Augusta  was  once  the  capital  of  Georgia,  and  the  Legis- 
lature used  to  assemble  in  the  old  court  house  that  stood 
on  the  bank  of  the  river.  The  "great  fire"  which  devas- 
tated ten  or  eleven  squares  of  the  city,  occurred  on  April 
3d,  1829,  beginning  in  the  evening,  reducing  a  third  of 
the  town  to  ashes,  burning  four  or  five  hundred  houses, 
and  causing  a  loss  of  a  million  of  dollars  to  the  city. 

Augusta  is  an  historic  city,  having  been  the  theatre  of  a 
hard  lought  battle  between  the  British  and  Amcriean 


SKETCHES  OF  A  U  GUST  A,  5 


troops  in  1780,  when  Colonel  Clark  made  an  unsuccessful 
attempt  to  take  the  post  from  Colonel  Brown,  the  British 
commander.  A  later  attack  was  more  successful,  result- 
ing in  the  capture  of  the  entire  town  and  garrison.  The 
Americans  constructed  an  ingenious  tower  of  logs,  over- 
looking the  fort,  enabling  them  to  command  the  town, 
which  resulted  in  its  capture.  This  tower  was  located  at 
the  intersection  of  Broad  and  Lincoln  streets.  (See  Guide 
to  Augusta.) 

General  Washington  visited  Augusta  on  the  i8th  May, 
1 79 1,  Governor  Telfair  acting  as  host  on  that  occasion. 

The  first  bridge  across  the  Savannah  river  was  built  by 
Wade  Hampton,  and  was  washed  away  by  the  Yazoo 
fireshet,  in  1796. 

Augusta  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  Janu9.ry,  1798. 
The  first  theatre  was  built  in  1798.  Among  the  07t  dits  of 
the  city,  is  that  the  elder  Booth  played  here  just  before  its 
destruction  by  fire,  in  1823.  The  famous  Joe  Jefferson 
played  in  the  new  theatre  erected  shortly  afterwards,  when 
in  the  early  developement  of  his  histrionic  talent. 

The  population  of  Richmond  county  approximates  fifty 
thousand  at  present. 

About  thirty  companies  went  into  the  Confederate  armies. 

In  front  of  the  City  Hall  stands  a  monument — old  and 
discolored — erected  in  memoriam  of  the  Georgia  signers  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence — Walton,  Gwinnett  and 
Hall.  It  is  in  the  shape  of  an  obelisk,  and  is  fifty  feet  in 
height,  costing  ;^3,ooo.    It  was  erected  in  185  i. 

Fronting  the  St.  James  Methodist  Church  is  a  cenotaph, 
erected  by  the  St.  James  Sunday  School,  in  memory  of 
those  who  were  once  teachers  and  scholars  in  the  school, 
and  fell  in  the  "Lost  Cause."  This  lovely  marble  shaft 
was  unveiled  in  1874. 

The  names  of  the  dead  Confederates  of  Richmond  county 


6  SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA. 


are  inscribed  on  the  shaft,  of  which  there  are  292  soldiers, 
25  of  them  being  commissioned,  and  32  non-commissioned 
officers.  (These  facts  are  gleaned  from  the  Guide  to 
Augusta.) 

Why  should  we  not  love  their  memory  ? — the  memories 
of  these  old  Confederate  soldiers,  who  fought  to  the  end, 
staggering,  falling — defiant  to  the  last — whose  feet  left 
blood  marks  on  the  abatis  through  which  they  went  at  the 
enemy.  I  wish  we  could  erect  monuments  in  every  city 
in  the  South  that  would  reach  to  the  skies,  as  high  as  the 
moon  and  stars.  As  I  write  I  see  from  my  window,  sharply 
defined  against  a  gray  March  sky,  the  Confederate  Monu- 
ment, in  memory  of  the  dead  of  Richmond  county,  who 
fell  in  the  Southern  army.  This  monument  is  sublime  in 
conception,  and  is  seventy-two  feet  high.  On  the  summit 
stands  a  Confederate  private  with  his  canteen  and  musket, 
while  twenty  feet  from  the  base  are  the  statues  of  Lee, 
Jackson,  Cobb,  and  General  William  Henry  Walker. 

This  imposing  monument  was  designed  in  Philadelphia, 
and  the  work  executed  at  Carrara,  Italy.  There  are  Con- 
federate emblems  in  bas  relief  m  the  second  section.  The 
cost  of  the  monument  was  something  over  ;^  17, 000,  and 
was  erected  by  the  Ladies'  Memorial  Association  of  Augusta. 

It  was  my  good  fortune  to  have  been  present  at  the  un- 
veiling of  Stonewall  Jackson's  statue,  at  Richmond,  Virginia, 
on  the  26th  day  of  October,  1875.  Through  the  courtesy 
of  that  distinguished  gentleman,  Dr.  J.  William  Jones,  I 
had  the  first  seat  at  the  window  of  the  Hall  of  Delegates, 
in  the  capitol,  there  being  only  five  other  ladies  allowed  in 
the  room.  There  were  thirty  thousand  strangers  in  Rich- 
mond on  that  occasion.  The  military  had  come  from  every 
part  of  the  United  States.  The  decorations  of  the  city 
were  magnificent.  Looking  from  the  capitol  window,  one 
saw  a  vast  sea  of  human  heads.    Free  from  the  dust  and 


SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA.  7 


heat,  and  discomforts  of  the  surging,  seething  crowd  below, 
struggHng  to  **see,"  I  was  ^ 'happy,"  and  felt  myself  favored 
beyond  mortals.  And,  still  the  crowd  came,  and  clam.ored 
for  places.  I  looked  down  upon  a  vast  sea  of  upturned, 
anxious,  eager  faces.  In  front  of  the  speaker's  stand,  Dr. 
Hoge,  was  a  vacant  space,  enclosed  by  ropes.  Everybody 
asked  who  it  was  for.  Nobody  knew.  Just  before  the 
speaking  began,  the  old  battered  remnant  of  the  "Stonewall 
Brigade"  solemnly  filed  in,  one  by  one,  and  took  their 
places  in  front  of  the  veiled  statue  of  their  dead  commander. 
They  led  in  half  dozen  old,  battered,  worn-out  horses, 
literally  seamed  with  scars.  What  was  left  of  the  old 
brigade  wore  the  "Stonewall"  badge.  I  held  my  breath 
as  I  looked  at  the  men.  These  are  the  men  that  follovv^ed 
the  ringing  voice  of  Jackson  at  Cross  Keys,  at  Port  Re- 
publique,  and  down  the  Shenandoah  Valley!  These  are 
the  men  that  were  with  him  as  he  swooped  down  like  an 
eagle  on  the  startled  enemy  at  Chancellorsville.  This  was 
what  was  left  of  the  ^'Stonewall  Brigade." 

When  the  canvass  was  torn  away,  the  bronze  image  of 
Jackson  stood  before  them  with  his  cap  in  his  hand.  That 
vast  multitude  was  silent  for  a  moment — as  silent  as  the 
grave.  Then  such  cheers  arose  as  I  never  expect  to  hear 
again.  Hundreds  of  military  companies  had  gathered  to- 
gather  from  every  part  of  the  Union.  They  kept  up  a 
continuous  firing  for  an  hour,  while  the  cannon  roared  and 
shook  to  its  very  foundations  Richmond,  the  Holy,  Holy 
city,  for  which  a  hecatomb  of  national  troops  had  been 
sacrificed  to  open  its  gates. 

When  the  Teuton  fist  struck  France,  the  invincible,  as 
she  reeled  onward  toward  her  ruin,  like  a  Bacchus,  crowned 
and  drunken,  the  infuriated  soldiery  tore  down  the  column 
of  the  Vendome,  in  their  insane  hatred  of  the  dead  Na- 
poleon, but  to  their  credit  be  it  said,  when  Grant's  army 
entered  Richmond,  no  sacrilegious  hands  defaced  the  monu- 


8  SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA. 


ments  in  Capitol  Square,  for  which  the  true  heart  of  every 
Virginian  thanks  them. 


The  city  of  Augosta  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  im- 
portant cotton  ports  in  the  South.  The  annual  cotton  re- 
ceipts of  Augusta  amount  to  200,000  bales,  bringing  many 
millions  of  dollars  into  the  city,  through  the  spacious  and 
numerous  warehouses. 

All  strangers  are  charmed  with  the  beauty  of  the  city, 
and  speak  of  it  afterwards  with  the  most  rapturous  terms 
of  admiration.  Greene  street  is  very  beautiful  with  its  four 
rows  of  shade  trees,  affording  a  most  delightful  coolness  in 
warm  weather,  as  well  as  a  most  charming  promenade. 
Broad,  the  principal  business  street,  is  a  handsome,  well 
lighted  thoroughfare,  a  mile  in  length.  There  is  no  sham 
about  Augusta.  Everything  is  solid,  solid  capital,  solid 
people,  proud,  dignified  and  independent,  of  course.  The 
city  is  two  miles  and  a  half  in  length,  and  a  mile  and  a  half 
in  width,  and  the  streets  are  well  kept,  and  handsome. 
Augusta  is  especially  noted  for  its  beautiful  ladies.  The 
elegance,  the  polish,  and  the  gallantry  of  the  gentlemen  is 
too  well  known  abroad  to  need  any  comment,  as  well  as 
their  ambition,  which  leads  them  to  sit  in  high  places  and 
wear  the  "purple  and  fine  linen." 

The  Augusta  Factory. 

The  Augusta  Factory  stands  an  everlasting  m.onument 
to  the  men  who  first  projected  it.  Its  long  and  unbroken 
prosperity  has  made  it  famous  all  over  the  world.  It  is  a 
living  example  of  the  capabilities  of  the  South,  being  the 
first  one  ever  erected  in  this  section  of  Georgia.  The 
Augusta  Factory  was  established  is  1847,  ^^id  has  been 
under  its  present  management  since  1858.  The  success  of 
this  factory  stands  a  landmark,  cheering  those  disposed  to 
faint  by  the  way-side.    Up  to  the  time  it  fell  into  the  hands 


SKETCHES  OF  AUGUSTA. 


9 


of  its  present  owners,  it  had  but  indifferent  success.  In 
1858  the  Augusta  Factory  was  purchased  by  a  company 
of  thirteen  men,  with  Mr.  William  E.  Jackson  chosen  as 
President.  It  was  bought  for  ^140,000,  to  be  paid  in  ten 
years,  by  instalments.  The  purchasers  added  ;^6o,ooo  cash, 
which  was  spent  in  improvements.  The  ^140,000  pur- 
chase money  was  paid  from  the  earnings  of  the  mill.  In 
1865,  the  President  issued  three  shares  for  one,  making  the 
stock  ^600,000  instead  of  ^200,000.  From  the  15th  July, 
1865,  to  July  i8th,  1880,  inclusive,  the  dividends  actually 
paid  to  the  stockholders  aggregated  1,407,000,  or  234^ 
per  cent,  on  the  stock  of  ;^6oo,ooo,  in  sixteen  years. 

From  the  earnings,  the  mill  has  been  enlarged,  additional 
machinery  purchased,  and  a  great  many  handsome  and 
comfortable  brick  tenements  added  to  the  property,  so  that 
now  the  factory,  with  its  real  estate,  is  valued  at  ^  1,000,000, 
with  a  surplus  of  ^318, 198  29  standing  on  the  credit  side  of 
profit  and  loss.    (See  C.  &  C.  Trade  Issue,  Sept.,  188 1.) 

The  unselfish  and  noble  liberality  which  Messrs.  Cogin, 
Jackson,  and  the  directors  have  subscribed  to  the  nezv 
mills  already  erected,  and  in  course  of  construction,  show 
that  they  have  confidence,  in  their  own  enterprise,  and 
great  faith  in  the  future  prosperity  of  the  city  of  Augusta. 

The  last  report,  June  30,  1881,  showed  the  following: 


Balance  Profit  and  Loss  Account,  June  12,  1880   1318,198  29 

Gross  earnings  to  June  11,  1881   188,442  18 

Old  machineiy  sold   3,360  00 


Total,      $460,000  47 

Amounts  Chaeged  to  Peofit  and  Loss. 

Repairs  account   $6,385  51 

Tttxes  and  w^er  rent   17,480  21 

Interest   10,724  21 

Expenses   8,994  46 

Insurance  ,   5,228  87 

New  machinery   26,340  24 

Dividends  Nos.  84,  85,  86,  and  87   54  000  00 


$129,153  84 

Balance  Cr.  Profit  and  Loss  Account,  June  11,  1881   330,846  63 


10  SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA. 


The  remaining  bonds  ;^8, 000,  due  November  i,  1880,  were 
paid  on  presentation.  Mr.  Jackson  also  purchased  ;^  1,500 
of  those  maturing  November  i,  1881,  and  ^500  of  those 
maturing  in  1882,  making  a  reduction  of  the  bonded  debt 
for  the  year  ;^io,ooo,  and  havingnow  ;^i43,ooo  outstanding. 
The  sinking  fund  to  be  used  for  the  redemption  of  the 
Augusta  Factory  bonds,  as  they  mature,  has  on  hand  $3,000 
city  of  Augusta  seven  per  cent,  bonds. 

The  productions  of  the  Augusta  mills  is  15,500,000 
yards  per  year,  consisting  of  shirtings,  sheetings,  drillings, 
etc.  Number  of  spindles,  25,200  ;  looms,  788  ;  operatives, 
700,  being  all  white,  and  natives.  Mr.  Cogin  declares  he 
has  the  best  class  of  operatives  he  has  ever  had  under  him. 

The  average  dividends  since  the  war  has  been  fourteen 
per  cent.,  paid  quarterly. 

There  has  never  been  an  hour  lost  from  derangement  of 
machinery  since  Mr.  Cogin  has  had  charge  of  the  mill. 
They  stop  work  on  Christmas  day  and  for  May  day  pic-nics. 

Mr.  Francis  Cogin,  Superintendent,  has  lived  all  his  life 
among  mills,  having  a  thorough  and  most  complete  knowl- 
edge of  everything,  to  the  minutest  detail,  connected  with 
cotton  mills.  He  is  one  of  the  pleasantest — most  delight- 
fully congenial,  as  well  as  intelligent  gentlemen  we  have 
ever  had  the  pleasure  of  knowing,  and  it  was  a  real  pleasure 
to  meet  him.  Mr.  Cogin  has  been  Superintendent  of  the 
Augusta  mill  since  1858,  and  has  accumulated  a  very  hand- 
some fortune  in  Augusta,  having  considerable  stock  in  the 
Enterprise  Factory,  also  owning  a  third  interest  in  the 
Chronicle  office,  besides  a  great  deal  of  real  estate.  Mr. 
Cogin  is  a  native  of  Nashua,  New  Hampshire.  When  only 
fifteen  years  of  age  he  was  employed  in  the  Jackson  Cor- 
poration, Indian  Head,  Nashua ;  was  also  in  the  Chicopee 
Mills  fifteen  years,  and  is  thoroughly  posted;  has  a  most 
accurate,  thorough  and  practical  knowledge  of  everything 
connected  with  cotton  mills.    It  was  a  fortunate  thing  for 


SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA.  1 1 


Augusta  when  he  accepted  the  management  of  the  Augusta 
Factory,  the  duties  of  which  he  has  discharged  to  the  en- 
tire satisfaction  of  all  concerned. 

Mr.  WiUiam  E.  Jackson,  President  of  the  company,  is  an 
old  and  honored  citizen  of  Augusta,  and  one  of  the  pillars 
of  the  city. 

The  Enterprise  Manufacturing  Company 

was  organized  in  1877,  George  T.  Jackson  being  elected 
President,  and  Otis  G.  Lynch,  Superintendent.  It  began 
with  7,700  spindles  and  152  looms.  In  1878,  it  doubled 
to  14,000  spindles  and  264  looms.  In  188 1,  it  doubled 
again  to  28,000  spindles  and  642  looms.  At  such  startling 
rates  as  these,  there  is  no  telling  to  what  mammoth  pro- 
portions it  may  finally  reach. 

On  the  23d  February,  188 1,  there  was  declared  a  divi- 
dend of  ten  per  cent,  on  the  earnings  of  the  mill,  after 
which  it  was  unanimously  decided  to  increase  the  number 
of  spindles  and  looms,  and  to  build  a  mammoth  extension. 

The  capital  of  the  Enterprise  Manufacturing  Company 
is  ;^500,ooo,  and  the  almost  unprecedented  success  which 
has  attended  it  from  its  very  commencement  makes  the 
Enterprise  a  formidable  rival.  The  prospective  capacity 
is  35,000  spindles,  and  900  looms. 

The  future  of  the  city  of  Augusta  is  radiant  with  promise. 
It  is  bound,  in  all  reason,  to  be  t/ie  manufacturing  city  of 
the  South.  There  is  no  reason  why  Augusta  should  not 
have  a  100,000  population  in  twenty  years.  It  is  perfectly 
wonderful  how  many  new  enterprises  are  springing  into 
existence  every  day.  Every  new  enterprise  adds  to  her 
national  importance,  and  increases  the  taxable  property  of 
the  city.  The  Sibley  Mills  have  called  in  ;^  i , 000,000  and  the 
John  P.  King  Manufacturing  Company  ^200,000.  Rich- 
mond county  will  have  an  increase  of  taxable  property  this 
year  amounting  to  over  a  million  of  dollars.    Think  of  it, 


12  SKETCHES  OF  AUGUSTA. 


Augusta  people  !  Where  is  your  prosperity  likely  to  end  ? 
You  are  disposed  to  laugh  at  Atlanta  for  sounding  its 
praise  abroad.  To-day,  Atlanta  is  the  best  advertised  city 
in  the  Union,  of  its  size.  See  what  it  has  done  in  sixteen 
years,  with  no  natural  advantages  whatever,  except  it 
being  the  gate  way  of  the  South,  and  its  exceptionally 
desirable  climate,  having  an  altitude  of  1,150  feet. 

The  city  of  Augusta — her  cotton  factories — her  railroads, 
and  her  progress,  ought  to  be  published  in  every  city  in 
the  United  States.  Why,  Augusta  is  the  prettiest  city  in 
the  world.  There  is  everything  here  to  make  it  a  paradise 
on  earth.  You  are  in  the  midst  of  the  finest  cotton  grow- 
ing country  in  the  world  ;  you  have  all  the  water  you  want 
to  turn  a  million  of  spindles.  You  area  solid  people,  solid 
capital,  with  everything  to  make  you  prosperous  and  happy. 
You  are  on  the  high  road  to  wealth,  and  fame  and  impor- 
tance abroad. 

Georgia  is  far  ahead  of  any  Southern  State  in  fiitanceSy 
in  enterprise  and  energy^  and  commands  more  respect  in 
the  commercial  circles  of  the  East  than  any  Southern  State. 
The  Readjusters  have  ruined  Virginia.  The  political  situa- 
tion of  Tennessee  is  most  deplorable,  although  the  soil  of 
Tennessee  is  far  richer  and  more  productive  than  the  soil 
of  Georgia.  Such  a  thing  as  chemical  fertilizers  is  unheard 
of  in  Tennessee. 

The  following  comprises  a  list  of  the  officers  of  the  Enter- 
prise Factory  :  George  T.  Jackson,  President ;  N.  W. 
Armstrong,  Secretary ;  Otis  G.  Lynch,  Superintendent. 
Directors  are  Messrs.  W.  E.  Jackson,  W.  T.  Wheeless, 
George  M.  Thew,  Austin  Mullarky,  Francis  Cogin  and 
James  P.  Verdery. 

The  demand  for  the  Enterprise  Factory  goods  has  in- 
creased steadily  from  the  beginning.  Northern  firms  buy 
largely.  There  is  ^also  a  large  foreign  demand  for  the 
goods.    The  management  of  the  mill  has  been  conducted 


SKETCHES  OF  AUGUSTA.  13 


with  consumate  skill  and  ability  from  its  first  organization. 
The  factory  is  an  exceedingly  handsome  building,  the  archi- 
tect displaying  great  skill  and  taste.  There  is  a  pretty 
tower  in  the  centre  of  the  building,  lOO  feet  high.  The 
doors  of  the  factory  are  hung  so  as  to  be  opened  by  push- 
ing it  from  either  side,  rendering  escape  easy  in  case  of  fire. 
The  boiler  room  is  fire  proof.  It  is  heated  at  the  north 
east  corner  of  the  building  and  has  a  chimney  96  feet  in 
height.  The  people  of  Augusta  are  very  proud  of  the 
Enterprise  Manufacturing  Company. 

The  Georgia  Chemical  Works. 

Officers:  President,  Alfred  Baker;  Treasurer  and  Busi- 
ness Manager,  M.  A.  Stovall ;  Chemist  and  Superintendent, 
C.  B.  F.  Lowe.  The  works  are  located  about  a  mile  from 
the  city,  and  cover  nearly  400,000  square  feet  of  ground. 
Four  railroad  tracks  enter  the  yard,  employing  the  com- 
pany's own  locomotives  and  fire  engines.  The  works  are 
driven  by  100  horse  power  engine  ;  employ  140  hands  ; 
63,000  pounds  of  brimstone  are  consumed  per  week  in 
making  sulphuric  acid;  capacity  of  the  chambers,  200,000 
cubic  feet.  Brimstone  is  imported  directly  from  Sicily  ; 
nitrate  of  soda  from  Peru  ;  potash  salts  from  Germany  j 
phosphate  rock  from  Navassa  Island,  West  Indies ;  bone 
and  ammoniated  materials  from  the  North  and  West. 

The  phosphate  rock  in  its  original  condition  is  unfit  for 
plant  food — cannot  be  assimilated.  Mechanical  grinding 
not  being  sufficient,  it  must  be  divided  by  chemical  means. 
This  is  done  by  uniting  it  with  acid,  which  makes  the  valua- 
ble constituents  soluble.  Sulphuric  acid  is  made  by  com- 
bining sulphur  and  oxygen.  This  combination  cannot  be 
made  directly.  The  sulphur  has  not  the  power  to  take 
from  the  atmospheric  air  the  oxygen  it  is  ready  to  give, 
and  an  intermediary  agent  is  found  in  the  nitrate  of  potash, 
burnt  with  the  sulphur — this  substance  yielding  first  its 


14  SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA. 


own  oxygen  to  the  greedy  sulphur,  which  re-suppHes  itself 
immediately  from  the  air,  only  to  again  yield  it  up  to  the 
sulphur.  The  making  of  the  guanos  is  conducted  with  the 
utmost  care  and  exactness,  every  ingredient  being  most 
carefully  weighed  and  analyzed  before  being  used,  and  the 
finished  piodiict  again  subjected  to  analysis.  There  are 
three  substances  which  make  guanos  valuable,  namely : 
ammonia,  phosphoric  acid  and  potash. 

The  wheel  that  drives  all  the  machinery  weighs  i5,COO 
pounds.  There  are  five  chambers  155  feet  by  32  wide, 
and  22  feet  in  height. 

The  works  were  established  in  1876,  and  have  been  a 
most  fruitful  source  of  revenue,  with  still  greater  promise 
for  the  future.  The  Georgia  Chemical  Works  was  an  ex- 
periment for  the  South,  but  has  proved  a  great  success. 
It  is  both  curious  and  interesting  to  those  who  have  that 
turn  of  mind,  to  go  through  the  entire  establishment  and 
see  the  manifold  ingredients  which  combine  to  make  phos- 
phates. There  are  rooms  full  of  dried  blood,  costing  $60 
per  ton,  rich  in  fertilizing  properties,  from  the  immense 
slaughter  pens  of  the  West ;  great  piles  of  dried  fish  and 
bones,  from  every  quarter  of  the  globe,  lava  from  Vesuvius, 
something  from  everywhere  to  enrich  the  guanos  made  by 
the  company. 

The  great  trouble  in  applying  the  fertilizers  is,  that  the 
farmers  are  not  educated  up  to  that  point  where  they  know 
and  understand  what  particular  phosphate  is  needed  for 
certain  kinds  of  soil.  Consequently,  through  their  own 
wilful  ignorance,  they  often  buy  what  they  do  not  need — 
and,  of  course,  throw  away  that  much  money.  Mr.  Lowe, 
the  accomplished  chemist  and  superintendent,  earnestly 
requests  that  each  planter  bring  to  him  a  specimen  of  the 
soil,  that  he  may  analyze  it,  and  be  able  to  inform  him 
what  especial  phosphate  he  needs,  each  one  being  especially 
adapted  to  certain  classes  of  soils.    The  increase  in  yield 


SKETGHES  OF  AUGUSTA,  15 


in  crops  upon  which  these  fertilizers  are  used,  over  unma" 
nured  lands,  is  said  to  be  threefold. 

The  company  have  a  paid  up  capital  of  over  ;^200,ooo. 
They  have  extended  their  local  agencies  over  all  the  rail- 
roads in  Georgia,  and  are  introducing  them  in  all  the 
Southern  States.  It  is  most  interesting  to  witness  the 
immense  mills  in  operation  which  crush  the  powerful  rock 
to  a  powder,  almost  as  fine  as  flour,  for  the  purpose  of 
composting.  The  company  only  manufacture  one  ton  at 
a  time,  which  is  personally  inspected  by  Mr.  Lowe,  no 
dirt  or  foreign  substance  allowed  in  these  compounds,  the 
base  of  the  fertilizer  being  dissolved  bone  phosphate  in 
every  instance. 

The  immense  leaden  chambers  through  which  such  large 
quantities  of  sulphuric  acid  are  generated  and  condensed, 
reminds  one  of  Dante's  Inferno — conveying  a  solemn  warn- 
ing to  "flee  from  the  wrath  to  come." 

The  Summerville  Mills. 

The  site  of  these  mills  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in 
Augusta.  The  view  from  the  mill  down  the  canal  and 
river  is  magnificent.  Mr.  G.  P.  Curry,  President  and 
owner,  bought  these  mills  three  years  ago.  They  have 
been  in  full  operation  ever  since,  and  have  turned  out 
thousands  of  yards  of  beautifully  finished  goods,  making 
a  specialty  of  checks  and  plaids ;  in  fact,  manufacturing 
those  alone.  These  goods  are  sold  throughout  the  United 
States,  and  are  much  in  demand.  Their  largest  trade  is 
in  St.  Louis  and  Memphis,  notwithstanding  they  ship 
largely  to  New  York  and  Boston,  also  to  Salt  Lake  city. 
The  Summerville  Mills  have  looo  spindles,  150  looms,  and 
175  operatives.  C.  W.  Holbrook,  a  Northern  gentleman, 
is  Superintendent.  He  put  up  all  the  machinery  of  the 
Summerville  Mills.  These  mills  have  a  fall  of  32  feet  of 
water.    The  wheel  that  runs  the  machinery  is  only  27 


16  SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA. 


inches  in  diameter,  being,  of  course,  very  small.  These 
mills  consume  five  bales  of  cotton  per  day.  It  is  quite  in- 
teresting to  watch  the  fleecy  staple  pass  through  its  mani- 
fold operations  previous  to  becoming  cloth.  The  demand 
for  the  Summerville  ''check"  is  very  great,  while  they 
have  always  given  satisfaction.  There  is  a  dyeing  es- 
tablishment connected  with  the  mill,  everything  being 
complete  pertaining  to  it. 

Mr.  Curry  is  also  President  of  the  Exchange  Bank,  No. 
633  Broad  street.     He  is  a  plain,  practical,  eminently  sen- 
sible  gentleman,  having  a  great  contempt  for  drones  of 
every  description. 

Mr.  Curry  is  a  cousin  of  Dr.  Curry  of  Richmond.  He 
had  the  rank  of  captain  in  the  late  war,  and  has  been  in 
the  brokerage  business  since  then,  his  only  son,  George  P. 
Curry  being  associated  with  him. 

BoNDURANT,  JOPLING  &  Co. 

Situated  upon  the  south-eastern  border  of  Augusta,  is 
the  most  famous  and  extensive  brick  yard  in  the  South. 
The  firm  is  composed  of  Messrs.  J.  P.  Bondurant,  W.  B. 
Jopling,  of  Augusta,  and  Mr.  William  B.  Lowe,  of  Atlanta. 
Their  establishment  covers  seventy  acres  of  ground,  and 
they  employ  250  hands.  Their  manufactory  is  known  as 
the  old  DeLaigle  Brick  Yard,  established  a  hundred 
years  ago.  Seven-eights  of  all  the  brick  ever  made  in 
Augusta  was  furnished  from  these  yards.  Moore  &  Marsh's 
wholesale  house,  Atlanta,  costing  ;^  150, 000,  is  built  of 
brick  made  here.  The  firm  does  a  business  of  15,000,000 
brick  annually,  and  will  make  this  year  20,000,000,  amount- 
ing to  ;^  1 50,000.  They  make  both  the  pressed  and  com- 
mon brick,  burn  500,000  brick  at  a  time,  and  yearly 
consume  ^20,000  worth  of  wood  in  the  burning  of  these 
brick.  They  are  using  now  a  new  process,  which  shortens 
the  time  of  burning  two  and  a  half  days,  and  the  **Ashbury 


SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA.  17 


Patent,"  which  economises  fuel  to  the  extent  of  one-third 
of  the  usual  supply.  The  firm  consume  about  four  acres 
of  clay  yearly,  reaching  to  a  depth  of  from  twelve  to  fifteen 
feet.  They  work  in  the  yards  lOO  convicts,  leased  from 
the  State  penitentiary.  There  is  in  the  minds  of  many 
people  a  great  prejudice  against  convict  labor.  These  un- 
fortunates who  wear  the  badge  of  their  servitude  seem 
quite  happy  and  contented,  although  one  occasionally 
takes  French  leave,  usually  to  be  brought  back,  and  some 
body  else  made  "  happy  "  by  a  reward  of  ^25  or  ;^5o.  It 
is  just  to  say,  these  convicts  are  treated  with  the  utmost 
kindness  and  consideration,  and  that  they  are  quite  as 
respectful  and  polite  as  the  other  laborers.  The  present 
firm  have  conducted  the  business  for  the  past  ten  years, 
increasing  their  annual  production  fully  one-third  for  the 
past  five  years. 

Their  works  are  bounded  on  the  west  by  the  Central 
Railroad,  east  by  the  Georgia  Chemical  Works,  South 
Boundary  street  and  Port  Royal  &  Augusta  Railway  Co.'s 
track.  They  work  their  steam  revolving  brick  makers, 
feeding  them  with  finely  prepared  clay,  obtained  from  their 
own  lands.  The  brick  are  turned  out  at  the  rate  of  sixty 
per  minute,  after  which  they  are  piled  up  upon  smooth 
platforms  to  dry.  Three  or  four  days  after,  they  are  ar- 
ranged in  layers  within  great  kilns,  fired  from  beneath  and 
allowed  to  burn  for  seven  days,  and  then  cooled  down, 
and  then  they  are  ready  to  fill  the  thousands  of  orders 
from  everywhere  in  the  South,  piled  on  their  office  desk. 

The  handsom.e  ''Brown  Block,"  belonging  to  Senator 
Joseph  E.  Brown,  opposite  the  Passenger  depot,  in  Atlanta, 
was  built  of  brick  furnished  from  the  Augusta  works,  and 
the  new  City  Hall  in  Atlanta  is  being  built  of  brick  from 
Augusta.  The  Augusta  Brick  Works  furnish  brick  as  far 
north  as  Wilmington,  N.  C,  and  are  becoming  formidable 
rivals  of  Northern  and  Eastern  markets. 


18  SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA. 


Captain  Bondurant  is  a  Virginian,  and  an  exceedingly 
courteous  and  affable  gentleman,  and  as  kind  hearted  a  man 
as  one  would  wish  to  see.  He  takes  great  pleasure  in  show- 
ing visitors  through  his  works,  and  explaining  the  modus 
operandi,  and  if  one  fails  in  presenting  his  works  in  a  lucid 
way,  he  must  attribute  it  to  an  error  of  the  head,  and  not 
a  want  of  intending  to  please.  We  do  wish  Captain  Bon- 
durant personally  all  the  success  that  ever  falls  to  mortals, 
and  his  firm,  too.  But  when  our  mind  is  filled  with  Htgh 
Protective  Tariff,  Judiciary  Committees,  Liberalism  and  Com- 
munism, Esthetics,  etc.f  one  cannot  remember  everything 
one  hears. 

William  B.  Lowe,  of  the  firm,  is  a  popular  and  well 
known  Atlanta  gentleman. 

Thompson  &  Heindel. 

This  extensive  manufactory  of  doors,  sash,  blinds,  etc., 
(see  business  card  among  advertisements)  was  located  here 
in  1868.  Beginning  with  almost  nothing,  the  firm  now  do 
a  business  amounting  to  ;^  125,000  a  year.  They  employ 
about  200  hands,  and  ship  goods  to  all  the  Southern  States, 
and  have  also  a  large  foreign  demand. 

Their  large  and  handsome  warerooms  are  located  at  No. 
310  Jackson  street,  being  dealers  in  paints,  oils,  brushes, 
white  lead,  zinc,  windov/  glass,  and  builders'  hardware, 
doing  a  popular  and  profitable  business. 

In  Emanuel  county,  Messrs.  Thompson  &  Heindel  own 
eleven  miles  of  railroad,  for  their  own  personal  use,  for 
transporting  the  lumber  from  the  two  saw  mills  owned  by 
themselves,  to  the  Central  Railroad.  The  saw  mills  in 
Emanuel  county  are  under  the  superintendence  of  Mr. 
George  S.  Heindel,  a  popular  and  well  known  gentleman  of 
Augusta.  The  firm  of  Thompson  &  Heindel  have  practi- 
cally demonstrated  to  the  world  that  nothing  ''succeeds 
like  success,"  and  if  ever  a  firm  deserved  to  succeed,  it 


SKETCHES  OF  AUGUSTA. 


surely  is  this  one.  Prompt  to  fill  orders,  men  of  strict  in- 
tegrity and  honor,  polite  and  affable  to  customers,  devoting 
themselves  closely  to  their  business,  early  and  late — they 
deserve  to  succeed.  Mr.  Jesse  Thompson  is  a  native  of 
Camden,  South  Carolina.  He  came  to  Augusta  in  1852, 
and  was  for  a  long  time  employed  in  the  Augusta  Factory, 
about  ten  years.  Mr.  Thompson  was  in  the  Confederate 
service  from  January  8,  1 861,  to  the  close  of  the  war,  in 
the  1st  South  Carolina  Regiment,  Captain  John  Milledge's 
company,  and  was  a  gallant  soldier.  It  may  sound  stereo- 
typed, and  like  affectation,  but  let  a  man  have  ever  worn 
the  "gray,"  and  it  will  always  be  an  earnest  appeal  to  every 
true  hearted  Southerner,  for  sympathy,  and  love  and  re- 
spect. 

The  Sibley  Manufacturing  Company. 

The  most  magnificent  mill  building  in  the  world  is  loca- 
ted at  Augusta,  under  the  above  heading.  It  is  considered 
by  accomplished  Northern  heads  of  cotton  mills  to  be  the 
completest  in  interior  details  and  appliances  of  any  on  the 
globe.  In  every  respect  the  Sibley  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany is  considered  to  represent  the  most  advanced  com- 
mercial movement  ever  taken  in  the  South,  up  to  the 
present. 

A  large  and  enthusiastic  crowd  of  ladies  and  gentlemen 
assembled  on  the  22d  February  to  witness  the  water 
turned  on  the  mills,  and  the  machinery  put  in  motion. 
The  Sibley  building  represents  a  length  ot  532  feet,  a  width 
of  76  feet,  and  a  height  of  four  stories,  each  fifteen  feet 
high.  The  company  was  organized  May,  1880,  began 
building  October,  1880,  and  finished  January,  1882;  have 
at  present  19,200  spindles,  and  run  over  600  looms.  When 
complete  will  have  37,600  spindles  and  1,000  looms,  and 
will  give  employment  to  1,000  hands. 


20  SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  VST  A, 


The  Georgia  Railroad 

is  the  second  oldest  road  in  the  South — the  South  CaroHna 
Road,  from  Augusta  to  Charleston  being  the  oldest.  The 
Georgia  Road  was  chartered  in  183 1,  and  began  operations 
in  1835,  nearly  fifty  years  ago.  The  officers  of  the  Georgia 
Road  are  now  operating  307  miles  of  road  under  their  im- 
mediate management.  The  Georgia  Road  is  a  pare  and 
connecting  with  the  Wadley  syndicate,  embracing  the 
Central  Road  of  Georgia,  the  South  Western,  the  Macon 
&  Western  Road,  the  Western  Road  of  Alabama,  the 
Montgomery  &  Eufaula  Road,  the  Port  Royal  &  Augusta 
Railway  and  the  Atlanta  &  West  Point.  It  is  also  closely 
allied  with  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Road  of  Georgia,  and 
the  Louisville  &  Nashville  system.  These  lines  form  one 
of  the  grandest  combinations  in  the  United  States.  Last 
April  the  Georgia  Road  was  leased  for  ninety-nine  years, 
to  Mr.  W^adley  and  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad 
for  the  annual  rental  of  ;^6oo,ooo.  The  stockholders  warmly 
applauded  the  action  of  the  directors. 

The  di"stance  from  Atlanta  to  Augusta  is  171  miles. 
The  road  bed  is  level,  and  the  track  in  excellent  order. 
The  equipment  of  the  Georgia  Road  is  first  class  in  every 
respect,  the  accommodations  all  that  could  be  desired. 

The  Georgia  Road  officials,  from  the  President  down  to 
the  Way  Freight  Conductors  are  the  politest  and  most  ac- 
commodating gentlemen  in  the  United  States.  I  know 
whereof  I  speak,  for  I  have  run  up  to  Atlanta  from  Stone 
Mountain  on  the  10  o'clock  morning  freights,  the  distance 
being  sixteen  miles — dozens  of  times.  There  are  com- 
fortable cabs  provided  on  the  Way  Freight  for  passengers, 
and  they  are  generally  full,  and  the  conductors  are  just  as 
clever  as  the  days  are  long.  We  are  always  glad  to  see 
the  smiling  face  of  Captain  Harris  and  Mr.  Blassengame ; 
and  we  were  sorry  when  poor  Chfistiajz  lost  his  place,  for 


SKETCHES  OF  AUGUSTA. 


21 


nmning  ahead  of  time.  And,  then,  Captain  Boyd,  on  the 
"Covington  Accommodation."  He  is  worth  his  weight  in 
gold.  He  stops  his  train  about  every  five  minutes,  all  the 
way  from  Atlanta  to  Stone  Mountain,  to  let  somebody  off. 
Last  year  his  friends  along  the  line,  that  go  with  him  to 
Atlanta  every  day,  made  him  up  a  purse  of  ^75  00,  and 
presented  it  to  him  one  morning,  for  a  New  Year's  gift.  He 
was  so  overcome  that  ''words  were  inadequate,"  so  he  rang 
his  bell  and  hurried  off  his  train.  Captain  James  Purcell 
is  the  oldest  conductor  in  the  United  States.  He  has  been 
in  the  service  of  the  Georgia  Railroad  thirty-two  years. 
Captain  Walsh,  twenty-nine;  Captain  Brannon,  twenty- 
five  ;  Captain  Davis,  twenty-six. 

The  total  earnings  of  the  Georgia  Railroad  for  the  year 
ending  April  I  were,  from  passengers  and  mail,  ;^337,2I3  67, 
and  from  freights  and  express,  ^1,032,750  75,  making 
a  total  of  ^1,369,964  42.  The  net  earnings  of  the  Georgia 
Road  amount  to  -^414,521  91.  The  movement  of  cotton 
last  year,  and  fertilizers,  etc.,  was  largely  in  excess  of  any 
previous  year  in  the  history  of  the  road. 

Harry  Hill,  a  handsome,  aristocratic  young  conductor 
on  the  Georgia  Road,  made  himself  quite  famous  last 
summer  for  putting  off  his  train  a  Pittsburg  commercial 
traveler  who  refused  to  put  his  coat  on  in  the  ladies'  car, 
after  having  three  times  been  politely  requested  to  do  so. 
The  officials  of  the  Georgia  Road  warmly  sustained  Mr. 
Hill  in  his  action,  and  for  his  firmness.  Doubtless,  this 
most  astute  and  far-seeing  gentleman  saw  in  the  future 
"heavy  damages"  resulting  therefrom,  but  the  ways  of 
men  and  mice  gang  aft  aglee.''  The  Pittsburg  man  sued 
the  Georgia  Road  for  ^10,000.  The  jury  stood  nine  (or 
giving  him  nothing,  and  were  three  in  favor  of  giving  him 
one  or  two  hundred  dollars,  which  resulted  in  a  mistrial, 
and  is  looked  on  as  a  great  victory  for  the  road.  Conductors 
shoidd  have  the  same  right  to  demand  of  their  passengers, 


22 


SKETCHES  OF  AUGUSTA, 


conformity  to  certain  rules  of  etiquette  as  the  proprietor  of 
a  hotel  has  to  require  that  his  guests  conform  to  the  rules 
and  regulations  of  the  hotel.  .  At  any  rate,  Mr.  Hill  has 
made  himself  quite  famous  by  the  early  development  of 
his  executive  ability,  and  decision  of  character.  If  he  does 
not  make  his  mark  later  in  life,  we  confess  to  being  no 
prophet. 

Major  John  W.  Green,  General  Manager  of  the  Georgia 
Road,  is  considered  one  of  the  most  accomplished  Railroad 
men  in  the  South,  having  been  extensively  connected  with 
various  roads  at  different  times.  He  is  a  native  of  Mcin- 
tosh county,  Georgia,  and  a  civil  engineer  by  profession. 
There  was  not  a  braver  or  more  gallant  officer  in  the  Con- 
federate army  than  Major  John  W.  Green.  His  war  record 
was  splendid. 

Colonel  Dorsey,  General  Passenger  Agent,  is  a  Balti- 
morean,  and  a  prominent  and  popular  official  who  has  been 
connected  with  the  road  a  number  of  years. 

Mr.  Carlton  Hillyer,  son  of  Judge  Junius  Hillyer,  of 
Decatur,  and  brother  of  Judge  George  Hillyer,  has  been 
Auditor  of  the  Georgia  Railroad  since  1869. 

The  Georgia  Railroad  Bank 

is  the  oldest  and  most  reliable  bank  in  the  South.  It 
was  chartered  in  1S35  amendment  to  the  charter  of 

the  Georgia  Railroad.  It  is  the  only  bank  that  was  in  ex- 
istence before  the  war.  It  was  originally  chartered  for 
thirty  years. 

After  the  war  banking  privileges  were  renewed  for  thirty 
years,  dating  from  1870.  The  Georgia  Railroad  Bank  has 
no  capital,  but  operates  on  deposits.  Their  average  divi- 
dends are  ten  per  cent. ,  paid  every  three  months. 

Mr.  John  P.  King  was  President  of  the  Georgia  Rail- 
road and  Bank  for  thirty-six  years ;  Mr.  King  was  a  U.  S. 


SKETCHES  OF  A  TIG  USTA.  23 


Senator  in  1834.  Gen.  E.  P.  Alexander  succeeded  Mr. 
King  as  President  of  the  road  and  bank,  who  was  in  turn 
succeeded  two  years  ago  by  Mr,  Charles  Phinizy,  a  mem- 
ber of  an  old  wealthy  and  aristocratic  Augusta  family. 
Mr.  Phinizy  graduated  at  the  State  University  in  1853; 
was  in  the  Confederate  service  as  Adjutant-General  with 
the  command  of  Gen.  Alfred  B.  Gumming. 

Mr.  Phinizy  is  a  high  toned  gentleman  in  the  eld  Soiith- 
eim  acceptation  of  the  term,  which  means  a  good  deal  in  this 
day  of  usurpers  and  shoddyism.  He  has  the  frankest, 
pleasantest  manners  I  ever  saw. 

The  Augusta  Canal. 

The  w^ork  of  constructing  the  Augusta  Canal  was  com- 
menced in  1845  and  completed  in  1847.  The  dimensions 
were  forty  feet  surface  with  twenty  feet  bottom,  and  five 
feet  deep,  affording  a  total  mechanical  effect  of  six  hun- 
dred horse  power.  The  increased  growth  of  the  city  de- 
manded a  larger  supply  of  water,  so  the  canal  was  in- 
creased to  seven  feet  depth  of  rate,  which  was  still  found 
inadequate  to  supply  the  demand.  In  the  spring  of  1 871, 
Hon.  Charles  Estes,  Mayor,  asked  for  authority  to  have  a 
survey  of  the  enlargement  and  an  estimate  of  the  cost  of 
the  work  made.  The  authority  was  granted,  and  the 
question  of  enlargement  submitted  to  and  adopted  by  the 
people. 

The  work  was  begun  in  March,  1872,  and  completed  in 
July,  1875,  at  a  cost  of  ^972,883  1 5,  the  engineer  in  charge 
being  Mr.  Holley,  and  the  enlargement  made  under  the 
supervision  of  Mr.  Estes. 

The  present  dimensions  of  the  canal  are  as  follows : 
length  of  main  canal  or  first  level,  seven  miles,  (trade 
issue,)  and  including  second  and  third  levels,  nine  miles. 
Minimum  water-way  150  feet  at  surface,  106  feet  at  bot- 
tom, and  II  feet  deep,  making  an  area  of  cross  section  of 


24  SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA. 


1,408  square  feet.  The  bulk-head,  locks,  dam  and  other 
structures  are  composed  of  stone  masonry  formed  of  gran- 
ite rock,  laid  up  in  hydraulic  cement  mortar,  and  substan- 
tially built.  The  area  of  the  openings  for  the  supply  of 
the  canal  amounts  to  1,463  square  feet,  and  the  entire 
waters  of  the  Savannah  made  available  for  maintaining  the 
supply.  There  are  275  acres  of  reservoir  exclusive  of  the 
canal  proper,  and  the  pond  above  the  bulk-head  and  dam. 
There  is  a  bottom  grade  of  descent  on  the  main  canal  of 
one  hundredth  of  a  foot  in  100  feet,  giving  a  theoretical 
mean  velocity  of  two  and  seventy-four  one  hundredth  feet 
per  second,  or  a  mechanical  effect  under  the  minimum  fall 
between  the  first  and  third  levels,  or  between  the  first  level 
and  the  Savannah  river,  below  Rae's  creek,  of  upwards  of 
14,000  horse  powers,  theoretically,  not  including  available 
supply  from  the  surface  of  the  reservoir. 

The  canal  gives  employment  to  thousands  of  people  on 
account  of  the  numerous  large  factories  erected  along  is 
levels.  The  canal  is  owned  by  the  city  of  Augusta,  and 
is  under  control  of  the  Council,  and  more  immediately  of 
the  Canal  Committee  of  that  body. 

The  Augusta  &  Knoxville  Railroad. 

President,  Eugene  F.  Verdery  ;  Superintendent  and  Chief 
Engineer,  A.  J.  Twiggs.  Georgia  Board  of  Directors — 
Robert  H.  May,  Wm.  C.  Sibley,  W.  B.  Young,  C.  Z. 
McCord,  General  M.  A.  Stovall,  John  W.  Clark,  J.  V. 
H.  Allen,  Charles  Estes,  Henry  Franklin. 

The  Augusta  and  Knoxville  Railroad  is  being  rapidly 
pushed  to  its  completion.  Cars  will  be  running  through 
to  Greenwood,  South  Carolina,  by  the  first  of  May, 
the  track  being  nearly  finished  at  present  to  within  a  few 
miles  of  that  city.  This  road  was  first  projected  a  little 
more  than  three  years  ago.  When  the  subscription  books 
were  opened,  the  citizens  of  Augusta  made  generous  re- 


SKETCHES    OF  A  UG  USTA.  25 


sponse  to  the  extent  of  their  ability,  with  the  earnest  desire 
that  the  trade  that  was  obliged  to  pour  into  Augusta  would 
add  increased  wealth  to  the  city.  The  original  subscription 
of  ^40,000  was  made.  (From  the  Trade  Issue  of  September, 
188  I.)  "It  is  a  fact  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  most 
roads,  that  when  only  one  and  one*half  miles  had  been 
ironed,  ^250,000  of  the  bonds  that  had  been  issued  were 
placed  at  a  rate  perfectly  satisfactory,  and  whilst  only 
fourteen  miles  remained  to  be  graded,  the  remainder  of 
the  bonds,  ^380,000  were  disposed  of.  Thus  the  whole 
issue  of  the  company's  first  mortgage  bonds  was  placed  at 
90  @  95." 

An  iron  bridge  over  the  Savannah  River  has  been  pro- 
nounced by  authentic  judges  to  be  one  of  the  handsomest 
and  most  substantial  structures  of  the  kind  in  the  South. 
Mr.  Eugene  Verdery  is  also  President  of  the  Greenwood, 
Laurens  &  Spartanburg  Railroad,  which  will  connect  Knox- 
ville  with  Spartanburg,  giving  them  a  line  of  140  miles  in 
length,  and  traveling  over  the  richest  and  most  productive 
agricultural  counties  in  South  Carolina.  Work  has  already 
been  commenced  on  the  road,  and  a  large  force  of  hands 
are  at  work  now,  grading  the  road  at  Laurens  Court  House, 
The  road  completed  to  Spartanburg  will  connect  with 
Knoxville  on  the  Spartanburg  &  Ashville  Branch,  thus 
bringing  Augusta  in  connection  with  the  same. 

The  Knoxville  Road  opens  up  for  the  fast  growing  city 
of  Augusta  a  splendid  trade,  through  a  beautiful  country, 
which  formerly  went  to  enrich  Charleston.  The  liberality 
of  Spartanburg  and  Laurens  counties,  each  subscribing 
^75,000  for  the  construction  of  a  road  from  Greenwood  to 
Spartanburg,  provides  the  Augusta  &  Knoxville  road  with 
an  extension  that  places  them  in  easy  communication  with 
the  North  Carolina  Midland,  in  course  of  construction,  and 
a  part  of  the  famous  Baltimore  &  Ohio  connection. 

Mr.  Verdery,  the  President,  has  proved  himself  entirely 


26  SKETGHES  OF  AUGUSTA. 


worthy  of  the  confidence  reposed  in  him  by  being  elected 
President  of  a  road  that  has  such  a  strong  Board  of  Directors, 
all  wealthy,  high  toned,  and  solid  citizens  of  this  famous 
city.  He  has  worked  indefatigably  in  the  interest  of  the 
road,  anci  is  destined  himself  to  become  a  power  in  Rail- 
road circles.  A  gentleman  of  wealth  and  culture,  and  a 
distinguished  lawyer  at  the  Augusta  Bar,  with  ten  years 
practice,  he  is  amply  able  to  discharge  the  duties,  and  fill 
the  position  he  is  elected  to. 

George  O.  Robinson's  Music  Store,  No.  831  Broad 
Street,  Augusta — The  Music  House  of  The  South — 
Initial  Advertising. 

Within  the  length  of  this  sunny  land,  no  music  house 
is  so  well  known  as  Geo.  O.  Robinson's,  brought  about  by 
this  unique  and  novel  system  of  advertising  as  well  as  by 
the  durability  and  excellence  of  their  instruments. 

Mr.  Robinson  introduced  his  first  motto,  "  L.  P.  Q.  S.," 
which  attracted  so  much  attention  in  1874.  This  of  course 
attracted  much  attention  and  excited  a  good  deal  of  com- 
ment to  know  what  it  meant.  The  solution  was  arrived 
at — '^Lozv  Pfices,  Quick  Sales.''  Then  appeared  another 
puzzle:  "T.  M.  H.  O.  T.  S.,"  which  reads  "The  Music 
House  of  the  South."  In  1876  came  out  another  one  : 
''E.  T.  O.  M.,"  Excelsior  is  our  Motto.  The  last— **G. 
H.  U.,"  is  Mr.  Robinson's  private  motto,  and  has  been 
for  over  two  years.  Mr.  Robinson  is  the  first  and  largest 
initial  advertiser  in  the  South.  He  has  been  inundated 
with  hundreds  of  letters  from  Thomas,  Richard  and 
Henry,'"  to  know  what  those  Egyptian  hieroglyphics 
meant,  which  still  gave  to  his  house  the  notoriety  he  was 
seeking  for.  On  one  occasion  Mr.  Robinson  offered  a  pre- 
mium of  an  organ  to  the  one  who  could  solve  one  of  these 
mottoes  ;  one  young  lady  sent  him  twenty-seven  solutions, 
and  wrote  to  ' '  send  the  organ.''    She  only  missed  it  by  one 


SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA.  27 


letter  in  one  of  the  answers,  and  she  did  Jiot  get  the  or- 
gan, of  course. 

Mr.  Robinson  has  shipped  organs  and  pianos  as  far  out 
West  as  1,100  miles,  which  is  remarkable  for  a  Southern 
house  and  decided  proof  of  the  excellence  of  his  instru- 
ments. The  instruments  he  sells  are  the  finest  manufac- 
tured in  the  United  States.  For  important  improvements, 
and  beautiful  combinations,  with  choice  selections  from 
twelve  of  the  most  celebrated  makers,  he  cannot  be  ex- 
celled by  any  one. 

His  large  cash  contracts  enable  him  to  save  twenty  or 
thirty  per  cent,  to  every  purchaser.  Everything  pertain- 
ing to  a  first-class  house  is  to  be  found  at  Robinson's.  Re- 
member, 831  Broad  street. 

City  Finances. 

One  remarkable  fact  in  connection  with  the  city  of  Au- 
gusta, it  has  never  repudiated  an}^  of  its  indebtedness, 
but  has  always  paid  dollar  for  dollar,  and  presents  a  clean 
financial  record. 

The  report  of  the  Committee  on  Finance  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  January  i,  1881,  showed  that  the  amounts 
realized  from  taxation  was  ^163,598  74,  of  which 
^93,562  44  was  from  real  estate,  and  $60,846  30  from 
personal  property ;  the  rest  from  various  other  sources. 

The  Constitution  of  Georgia  provides  that  the  debt  to 
be  incurred  by  any  municipal  corporation — after  the  adop- 
tion of  said  Constitution  shall  never  exceed  seven  per  cent, 
of  the  assessed  value  of  all  the  taxable  property  therein, 
and  no  municipal  corporation  shall  incur  any  new  debt, 
except  for  a  temporary  loan  to  supply  canal  deficiencies  of 
revenue,  to  exceed  one-fifth  per  centum  of  the  value  of 
taxable  property  therein  without  the  assent  of  two-thirds 
of  the  qualified  voters  thereof  at  an  election  for  that  pur- 
pose. 


28  SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA. 


The  bonded  debt  of  Augusta  is  ;^2,o82,250,  and  the 
assets  about  ;^2, 000,000.  The  canal  is  a  valuable  property, 
besides  which  the  water  works  pays  seven  per  cent,  in- 
terest on  ^200,000,  which  will  increase  as  the  city  grows 
larger.  The  toll  bridge  pays  seven  per  cent,  on  00, 000 
from  expense  of  repairing  and  maintenance.  In  addition 
to  which,  Augusta  has  ;^50,ooo  in  the  Augusta  &  Knox- 
ville  Railroad,  for  which  it  has  been  offered  a  premium. 

A  Sinking  Fund  Commission  was  created  by  the  City 
Council  in  1877,  for  the  purpose  of  retiring  the  city  bond- 
ed debt,  and  the  city  now  holds  ^161,750  of  bonds.  One- 
fourth  of  one  per  cent,  of  the  tax  annually  assessed  is 
handed  over  to  the  Commissioners  to  be  used  in  the  pur- 
chase of  city  bonds.  These  bonds  are  registered  when 
purchased  in  the  name  of  the  Commissioners,  and  can 
never  be  again  put  into  circulation.  The  interest  is  annu- 
ally collected  and  added  to  the  Sinking  Fund  tax  for  the 
purchase  of  new  bonds,  so  that  the  amount  at  the  disposal 
of  the  commission  to  be  used  in  such  purchase  increases 
rapidly,  at  the  same  time  increasing  the  resources  of  the 
commission  and  decreasing  the  city's  debt  in  rapid  ratio. 

Hon.  Robert  M.  May,  Mayor. 

It  is  always  interesting  to  look  into  the  recesses  of  a  re- 
markable man's  character,  especially  in  an  epoch  filled  with 
notabilities.  Cool,  clear  headed,  practical  and  far-seeing, 
the  Mayor  of  Augusta  is  made  of  the  stuff  which  lays  down 
laws,  controls  cabinets,  moulds  parties  and  directs  events. 
Mr.  May  has  achieved  his  success  in  life  by  the  sheer  force 
of  his  character,  by  the  vigor  and  intensity  of  his  nature, 
and  with  the  intellect  which  Heaven  gave  him.  Long  years 
ago,  when  a  boy,  Mr.  May  promised  himself  that  he  would 
one  day  rise  from  his  low  estate,  and  make  himself  a  power 
in  the  world,  in  commercial  circles  and  otherwise.  Mr. 
May  was  elected  Mayor  of  Augusta  in  April,  1861,  and 


SKETCHES  OF  AUGUSTA,  29 

served  until  1865,  when  the  days  of  the  Confederacy  were 
numbered,  and  every  pulse  of  the  South  throbbed  with 
agony  at  the  thought.  Resolute  and  brave,  he  did  not 
falter  in  his  administration  of  the  city  affairs.  His  firm- 
ness and  decision  had  much  to  do  with  the  averting  the 
destruction  of  property  in  the  city  during  the  riot  in  April, 
1865.  When  the  National  troops  took  possession  of 
Augusta,  her  Mayor  stood  bravely  up  for  the  rights  of  the 
people.  In  1877,  Mr.  May  was  elected  one  of  the  dele- 
gates from  Richmond  county  to  the  State  Constitutional 
Convention,  where  many  of  his  suggestions  were  adopted, 
and  to-day  form  part  of  the  Constitution  of  Georgia. 

In  December,  1879,  May  was  enthusiastically  elected 
(the  writer  was  in  the  city  at  the  time)  Mayor  again,  for  a 
term  of  three  years.  He  has  made  many  beautiful  im- 
provements in  the  city,  and  has  strong  faith  in  the  future 
greatness  of  his  beautiful  old  home — Augusta  ! 

Augusta  Orphan  Asylum. 

Fronting  the  Georgia  Railroad,  between  Harper  and 
Boundary  streets,  near  the  western  boundary  of  the  city, 
stands  the  Augusta  Orphan  Asylum.  The  grounds  sur- 
rounding the  handsome  five  story  brick  structure  are  beauti- 
ful beyond  description,  and  filled  with  the  rarest  and  most 
lovely  flowers,  glowing  in  gorgeous  parterres,  with  hand- 
some ornamental  shrubbery  intervening  throughout  the 
entire  spacious  grounds.  The  entire  surroundings  were 
never  more  beautiful  than  at  the  present  time,  as  the 
flowers  give  out  their  fragrance  to  the  first  kisses  of  sum- 
mer. By  an  act  of  the  Georgia  Legislature,  approved  in 
January,  1852,  the  Asylum  was  first  incorporated,  but 
some  time  elapsed  before  the  Society,  whose  original  body 
was  composed  of  Thomas  W.  Miller,  Henry  H.  Gumming, 
Edward  F.  Campbell,  John  Milledge,  Artemus  Gould, 
Lewis  D.  Ford  and  John  R.  Dow,  were  prepared  to  assume 


30  SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA. 


the  care  of  orphans.  In  the  meantime,  Mr.  Thomas  W. 
Miller  was  earnest  in  his  solicitations  of  individual  sub- 
scriptions. A  Constitution  and  By-Laws  were  adopted  in 
1854,  and  the  first  Board  of  Managers  elected.  A  house 
was  rented  in  1855,  and  four  orphans  admitted  to  the 
privileges  of  the  Asylum,  in  charge  of  a  Matron.  The 
following  December,  Mr.  Isaac  S.  Tuttle,  a  prominent 
citizen  of  Augusta,  died  and  left  to  the  Institution,  the 
sum  of  ;^50,ooo,  including  his  own  private  residence — 
previous  to  which  the  City  Council  of  Augusta  had  gener- 
ously donated  the  annual  income  from  two  hundred  shares 
of  Georgia  Railroad  stock,  upon  the  recommendation  of 
Mr.  Miller,  who  was  at  that  time  Mayor  of  Augusta.  The 
"Tuttle  House,"  residence  of  the  whole-souled  benefactor 
of  the  Asylum,  was  for  seventeen  years  used  for  the 
Asylum. 

Dr.  George  M.  Newton,  a  step-son  to  Mr.  Tuttle  died 
in  January,  1859,  leaving  to  the  Institution  the  sum  of 
^200,000.  This  magnificent  and  unexpected  gift  opened 
up  a  wide  field  of  usefulness,  which  is  but  faintly  expressive 
of  the  noble  generosity  for  which  the  citizens  of  Augusta 
are  famous.  The  following  December  an  amendment  to 
the  charter  of  the  As3/lum  was  obtained  from  the  Legisla- 
ture, allowing  the  Board  of  Managers  to  receive  children 
from  any  part  of  the  State,  and  also  those  who  were  not 
orphans,  and  prescribing  severe  penalties  for  leaving  children 
at  the  Asylum  without  the  consent  of  the  proper  authorities. 

At  the  time  of  the  resignation  of  the  first  President,  Mr. 
Gould,  April,  1870,  who  had  been  a  wise  and  judicious 
manager,  as  well  as  a  skillful  and  accomplished  financier, 
the  par  value  of  the  capital  of  the  Institution  was  ;^348,07i. 
The  war  had  been  the  cause  of  their  not  building  a  larger 
and  more  comfortable  house — and  when  the  time  came, 
when  building  was  accessible,  the  financial  condition  of 
aftairs  was  so  far  improved  that  it  was  determined  on  build- 


SKETCHES  OF  AUGUSTA.  31 


ing  a  handsome,  commodious  brick  structure,  which  plan 
was  carried  out,  the  architect  being  Mr.  D.  B.  Woodruff. 
It  was  begun  in  December,  1870,  and  occupied  in  1873. 

There  are  at  present  ninety-six  children  in  the  Institute, 
provided  with  everything  to  make  them  comfortable  and 
happy,  and  in  charge  of  a  Matron  who  is  nobly  devoting 
her  whole  time  to  the  care  of  these  unfortunates  who  are 
left  without  a  mother's  care  and  love.  In  a  large  and 
handsome  chapel  are  held  Sabbath  school  services  every 
Sabbath  afternoon,  and  during  the  week  two  teachers  are 
employed  in  attending  to  their  literary  education.  The 
Augusta  Orphan  Asylum  is  an  Institution  that  Augusta 
points  with  pride  to  the  stranger,  having  every  right  to  be 
proud  of  it. 

Mr.  J.  C.  C.  Black,  a  distinguished  member  ol  the 
Augusta  Bar,  and  one  who  will,  in  all  likelihood,  succeed 
Mr.  Stephens  in  Congress,  has  been  President  of  the 
Orphan  Asylum  for  two  years. 

The  Augusta  Bar. 

Augusta  has  one  of  the  best  and  strongest  bars  in  the 
State,  consisting  of  about  fifty  lawyers,  conspicious  among 
whom  is  H.  D.  D.  Twiggs,  who  is  regarded  as  the  most 
brilliant  lawyer  at  the  Augusta  bar,  if  not  the  most  bril- 
liant in  the  State.  He  was  born  at  his  maternal  grand- 
mother's home  in  Barnwell  county,  S.  C,  the  25th  of  March, 
1839.  His  father  was  George  W.  L.  Twiggs,  a  native  of 
Richmond  county,  Georgia,  and  resided  in  Georgia.  His 
mother  was  Harriet  D.  Duncan,  of  Barnwell  county,  S.  C. 
His  father  died  in  the  fifty-second  year  of  his  age,  in 
Baker  county,  Georgia.  The  mother  is  still  living.  Judge 
Twiggs  belongs  to  a  very  distinguished  family,  being  a 
great  grand-son  of  Gen.  Twiggs  of  Revolutionary  fame ; 
and  also  a  nephew  of  Gen.  David  E.  Twiggs,  deceased, 
who  delivered  over  the  ordnance  of  Texas  to  the  Confed- 


32  SKETCHES  OF  A  JIG  USTA. 


eracy  at  the  beginning  of  the  rebelUon,  himself  being  in 
the  United  States  army. 

At  the  sacking  of  New  Orleans,  the  Twiggs'  swords, 
splendid  heir  looms  in  the  family,  given  as  testimonials  of 
the  appreciation  and  esteem  in  which  the  General  was 
held  by  those  who  knew  him,  were  captured  by  the  no- 
torious Butler,  and  are  held  now  by  the  U.  S.  Congress  as 
weapons  of  war.  The  three  are  worth  ^75,000.  One 
presented  by  the  city  of  Augusta  is  of  solid  gold,  set 
with  diamonds.  They  attract  a  great  deal  of  notice  from 
the  strangers  who  visit  the  National  Capitol. 

Judge  Twiggs  graduated  in  July,  1858,  at  the  Georgia 
Military  Institute,  and  at  the  Law  Department,  University 
of  Georgia,  in  Athens,  1861.  Was  married  to  Miss  Lucy 
E.  Wilkins,  daughter  of  Col.  Joseph  Wilkins,  of  Liberty 
county,  Georgia,  at  Athens,  in  1861  ;  entered  the  Confed- 
erate army  as  First  Lieutenant  of  hifantry  in  the  First 
Georgia  Regiment.  He  participated  in  the  principal  bat- 
tles of  the  war,  and  was  twice  severely  wounded ;  was 
Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  First  Georgia  Regiment  at  the 
close  of  the  war.  Began  the  practice  of  lav/  in  Augusta, 
at  the  urgent  solicitation  of  the  bar,  in  October,  1870;  was 
appointed  by  Gov.  Bullock  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court 
of  the  Middle  Circuit,  there  being  no  Republican  lawyer 
qualified  in  the  circuit  to  fill  the  office.  At  the  request  of 
his  warm,  personal  friend.  Gen.  Ambrose  R.  Wright,  he 
was  induced  to  accept  the  office,  at  the  same  time  openly, 
avowedly  and  7i7tcompromisingly  maintaining  his  attitude  as 
a  Democrat.  After  filling  the  unexpired  term  for  which 
he  was  appointed,  Judge  Twiggs  was  again  appointed  by 
Gov.  James  M.  Smith,  the  successor  of  Gov.  Bullock.  He 
remained  Judge  of  the  Middle  Circuit  until  succeeded  by 
Herschel  V.  Johnson  in  1874,  not  being  a  candidate  when 
Gov.  Johnson  was  appointed.  Since  his  return  from  the 
bench  he  has  followed  his  profession  in  Augusta. 


SKETCHES  OF,  AUGUSTA.  33 


As  a  speaker,  Judge  Twiggs  has  no  equal.  He  lights 
his  lamps  in  such  gorgeous  effulgence  that  his  eloquence 
sways  the  multitudes  as  the  winds  bend  the  reeds  over  the 
river  banks.  He  is  a  prophet,  detaining  you  in  his  terrible 
grasp  ;  he  is  Apollo^  touching  your  trembling  ears  !  What 
is  the  explanation  of  this  magical  power  ?  With  piercing 
sagacity  he  has  discerned  his  own  intellectual  powers,  and 
with  his  whole  soul  and  mind,  and  strength  has  sought  to 
cultivate  them.  The  extraordinary  energy  of  his  charac- 
ter, the  brilliancy  of  his  genius,  and  commanding  force  of 
his  eloquence,  no  one  can  pretend  to  deny.  Possessing 
the  enthusiasm  of  the  scholar  and  the  sagacity  of  the 
worldling,  he  has  sought  self -development  as  his  principal 
end.  He  is  as  strong,  too,  as  he  is  erratic;  he  is  as  ec- 
centric as  he  is  brilliant,  showing  never  a  vestige  of  sub- 
mission. His  character  shows  the  strangest  and  most 
startling  inconsistencies;  you  are  confronted  at  every  turn 
with  sharp  and  sudden  contrasts.  He  dazzles  his  oppo- 
nents with  the  most  brilliant  rhetoric,  and  sometimes 
almost  sweeps  them  olf  their  feet  with  a  perfect  flood  of 
ironry  and  sarcasm.  Such  a  character  is  a  fascinating, 
puzzling  study. 

Judge  Twiggs  is  a  blonde^  and  of  splendid  physical  stat- 
ure. In  repose  his  featues  wear  a  cool,  contemptuous, 
scornful  expression,  while  the  very  spiiit  of  a  tiger  dwells 
beneath.  Nature  has  given  this  gentleman  a  resolute 
IV ill,  strong  individuality,  an  active  intellect^  and  an  intense 
thirst  for  power,  and  the  desire  to  make  himself  known 
and  recognised  among  his  fellow-men. 

The  war  record  of  Judge  Twiggs  is  splendid.  Away  out 
toward  the  distant  battle  fields  of  South  Carolina,  where 
the  Red  Cross  standard  floated  high  in  the  summer  winds, 
and  15,000  National  troops  v/ere  pouring  a  murderous  fire 
of  shot  and  shell  upon  the  devoted  heads  of  the  3,500  gal- 
lant Southrons  who  manned  Fort  Wagner,  this  splendid 


34 


SEE T CHE OF  AUGUSTA, 


man  was  placed  hors  de  combat.    Having  been  appointed 
Inspector-General  of  the  Department  of  South  Carolina, 
and  also  inspector  of  Battery  Wagner,  subsequent  to  his 
relapse  from  severe  wounds  received  at  Sharpsburg,  it  be- 
came his  duty  to  go  out  upon  the  parapet  and  inspect  the 
enemy,  who,  for  twenty-four  long  hours,  had  bombarded 
the  Fort  with  a  ferocity  never  equalled  before  save  by  the 
bombardment  of  Sebastopol.     The  dead  and  the  dying- 
rose  in  sickening,   appalling  confusion  all  around,  and 
still  the  murderous  shell  screamed  above  their  devoted 
heads  like  a  voice  from  hell,  sent  hither  by  the  very  fury 
of  hatred.    The  Fort  had  become  a  smoking  volcano. 
What  a  dramatic  scene  !    The  people  of  Charleston,  that 
gallant   **Cit3^  by  the  Sea,"  had  clambered  about  the 
steeple  of  St.  Michael's,      waiting  and  watching, "  with 
abated  breath,  for  this  Fort  was  the  key  to  Charleston, 
and  as  they  saw  the  Southern  flag  go  dozvu,  down,  dozvn, 
while  the  very  air  was  hot  and  thick  with  smoke,  they 
would  say      at  last,   the  Fort  has  surrendered!"  The 
winds  would  sweep  away  the  dense  volume  of  smoke,  and 
they  would  discern  some  powder-begrimed  private  in  the  act 
of  replacing  the  flag  on  its  staff  again,  and  again  to  be  shot 
away  and  as  often  as  replaced,  amid  a  thousand  whizzing, 
hissing  shells.  Suddenly  the  firing  ceased  ;  then  it  occurred 
to  them  in  the  Fort  that  the  enemy  had  determined  to 
make  an  assault,   and  then  came  the  time  that  ''tried 
men  s  soids.'"    Then  there  occuired  one  of  the  bravest, 
most  daring  acts  of  the  war,  which  thrills  us  now  with  the 
old-time    enthusiasm  of  the  dead  Confederacy.  Judge 
Twiggs,  to  inspire  his  men  with  fresh  courage,  as  he 
saw  the  enemy  bearing  down  upon  him,  caught  up  his 
sword,  sprang  up  on  the  parapet,  and  stood  there  cheering 
and  waving  his  sword  in  the  very  face  of  the  rapidly  ad- 
vancing enemy,  with  his  magnificent  form  clothed  in  the 
old  Confederate  gray,  grandly  outlined  in  the  smoke,  a 


SKETCHES  OF  AUGUSTA, 


35 


picture  for  an  artist !  He  was  severely  wounded,  and  car- 
ried off  in  a  nearly  dying  condition.  At  the  close  of  the 
war  he  had  the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the  First 
Georgia  Regement ;  is  regarded  at  the  present  time  the 
most  gifted  and  eloquent  speaker  in  the  State  of  Georgia. 

Hon.  Claiborne  Snead, 

Judge  of  the  Augusta  Circuit,  is  a  native  of  Richmond 
county,  and  a  graduate  of  the  Universty  of  Georgia.  Was 
admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1857.  In  186 1,  he  entered  the  army 
as  first  Lieutenant  in  Company  G,  in  the  old  gallant  Third 
Georgia  Regiment.  No  longer  now  a  gay  young  Confede- 
rate officer,  full  of  ardor  and  romance,  but  a  patriot,  who 
lived  and  fought  with  Lee,  and  who  tore  the  battle  flag 
of  the  old  Georgia  Third  from  its  staff,  at  Appamottox,  all 
grimed  and  rent  with  powder  and  ball  as  it  was,  and 
wrapped  it  round  his  own  gallant  person  and  brought  it 
safely  back  to  Georgia. 

Judge  Snead  participated  in  all  the  engagements  of  his 
Regiment,  until  a  ball  cut  him  down  at  Malvern  Hill. 
Hardly  having  recovered  from  the  serious  wound,  his  im- 
petuosity led  him  into  battle  with  his  Regiment,  as  they 
moved  on  Sharpsburg,  With  the  fire  of  a  splendid  invin- 
cible courage  burning  in  his  eyes,  he  was  the  first  man  to 
enter  the  enemy's  works,  in  front  of  the  Third  Georgia,  as 
the  guns  thundered  over  Chancellorsville,  and  in  that 
magnificent  battle  of  the  Gods,  at  Gettysburg,  Judge  Snead 
(now  Captain)  went  with  his  Regiment  inside  the  stone 
fence  and  held  it  until  forced  to  retreat  by  overwhelming 
numbers.  It  was  one  great  scene  of  smoke,  of  dust,  of 
uproar  and  blood  !  The  heights,  the  slopes,  the  fields  and 
rugged  crests  were  wrapped  in  smoke  and  fire.  The  som- 
bre roar  ascended  and  leaped  back  from  the  rocks,  and 
rolled  away  in  wild  echoes  from  the  hills.  Men  looked  on 
and  watched  the  advance  with  fiery  eyes.    It  was  a  magnifi- 


36 


SKETCHES  OF  AUGUSTA. 


cent  spectacle,  and  sublime,  too;  but  Gettysburg  was  lost, 
and  from  it  dates  the  decadence  of  the  Southern  arms. 

For  "valor  and  skill"  during  those  terrible  times,  Judge 
Snead  was  promoted  to  the  Lieutenant-Colonelcy  of  the 
Third  Georgia  Regiment,  which  was  his  rank  at  the  close 
of  the  war. 

His  determined  gallantry  called  for  special  mention  from 
General  Ambrose  R.  Wright,  of  Augusta,  upon  whose 
recommendation,  at  the  War  Department,  he  got  his  pro- 
motion. General  Wright  wrote  as  follows,  to  Colonel 
Taylor,  Chief  of  General  Lee's  Staff: 

Headquarters  Wright's  Brigade,  April  15,  1864. 

Colonel  W.  H.   Taylor,  A,  A.  mid  I.   General,  Army  of 
Noj'thern  Virginia : 

Colonel:  I  beg  leave  respectfully  to  call  the  attention  of 
the  Commanding  General  to  the  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  of  the  following  officers,  etc. 

On  the  19th  of  April,  1862,  when  seven  companies  of 
the  Third  Georgia  Regim.ent  were  engaging  two  brigades 
of  the  enemy,  under  General  Reno  and  Colonel  Hawkins, 
at  South  Mills,  N.  C,  Captain  (then  Lieutenant)  Claiborne 
Snead,  commanding  Company  G,  Third  Georgia  Re^iiiment, 
under  my  orders,  led  his  men  through  a  teri'ible  fire  and 
gained  a  position  on  the  left,  which  enabled  us  to  repulse 
the  enemy  and  win  the  day. 

At  Malvern  Hill,  on  the  15th  July,  1862,  Captain 
Snead  (then  Lieutenant)  commanding  Company  G,  Third 
Georgia  Regiment,  acted  in  the  most  gallant  and  heroic 
manner,  in  checking  a  retreat  which  came  near  amounting 
to  a  panic,  on  the  part  of  my  own  and  a  part  of  General 
Armstead's  Brigade.  On  this  occasion,  Captain  Snead 
exposed  himself  in  the  most  courageous  manner,  impart- 
ing confidence  and  firmness  to  the  men,  and  greatly  assist- 
ing in  restoring  order  in  the  troops.  In  this  effort  Captain 
Snead  was  seriously  wounded,  and  did  not  rejoin  his  com- 
mand until  the  morning  of  the  battle  of  Sharpsburg,  in 
which  action  he  bore  a  conspicuous  and  gallant  part,  but 


SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA.  37 


being  himself  wounded  early  in  the  engagement,  his  con- 
duct did  not  come  under  my  personal  observation. 

At  Chancellorsville,  on  Sunday  morning,  Captain  Snead 
led  the  charge  of  the  Third  Georgia  Regiment,  and  was  the 
first  to  enter  the  enemy's  works.  His  conduct  on  the 
occasion  inspired  the  troops  and  contributed  largely  to  the 
success  of  my  Brigade. 

At  Gettysburg  he  led  his  company  in  advance  of  the 
Regiment,  and  was  the  first  to  gain  the  Emmetsburg  road, 
and  capture  the  enemy's  artillery  at  that  point  ;  and  press- 
ing on,  charged  the  enemy's  line  posted  behind  the  stone 
fence,  and  if  we  had  been  strongly  supported  would  have 
held  the  position. 

Captain  Snead  is  an  excellent  drill  officer,  and  one  of 
the  best  disciplinarians  in  the  service.  Whether  in  camp, 
on  the  march,  or  in  battle,  he  is  always  at  his  post,  and 
ready  to  render  cheerful  obedience  to  all  orders  from  his 
superior  officers.  I  therefore  earnestly  recommend  him 
for  promotion  to  the  position  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  of  the 
Third  Georgia  Regiment,  in  which  a  vacancy  exists  by  the 
recent  recommendation  of  a  medical  board  for  the  retire- 
ment in  the  invalid  corps  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  R.  B. 
Nisbet,  on  account  of  disability  from  wounds. 

A.  R.  Wright,  Brig.  General  Commanding. 

So  his  promotion  was  approved  and  accepted.  At  the 
succeeding  session  of  the  Senate  the  appointment  was  con- 
firmed. Judge  Snead  met  his  commission  as  he  returned 
an  exchanged  prisoner  from  Johnson's  Island,  having  been 
captured  at  Gettysburg.  He  had  no  knowledge  of  the 
honor  which  awaited  him,  during  his  long  incarceration  at 
Johnson's  Island,  and  it  was  handed  to  him  the  moment 
his  feet  touched  Southern  soil.  He  was  always  to  the 
fivnt  in  those  last,  gloomy,  desperate  battles  of  the  war, 
always  to  the  front!  His  own  people  at  home  showed 
their  appreciation  of  him  by  calling  on  him  to  serve  them 
in  public  life  after  the  bitter  end  had  been  reached.  He 
was  elected  to  the  House  from  Richmond  county  in  1865, 
when  the  State    government    was   re-established  under 


38  SKETCHES  OF  A  TIG  VST  A. 


Governor  Jenkins.  He  made  himself  famous  there  by 
introducing  a  bill  to  provide  for  an  honored  burial  of  the 
Confederate  dead  in  Georgia,  whose  graves  dotted  every 
hillside.  In  his  enthusiastic  appeal  to  the  Legislature, 
Judge  Snead  uttered  the  following  glowing  words:  "Where 
on  earth's  open  surface  can  be  found  a  brighter  spectacle 
of  fidelity,  of  devotion,  of  patriotic  duty,  than  that  of  the 
Confederate  soldier,  who  in  many  instances,  without  the 
chances  of  promotion  or  the  honors  of  office,  moved  on- 
ward with  a  sheet  of  lightning  blazing  in  his  face,  keeping 
only  in  view  the  honor  of  the  glorious  army  to  which  he 
was  attached,  and  the  liberties  of  his  suffering  country. 
Such  fidelity  not  only  deserves  your  praise,  but  merits 
that  even  of  angels,  and  of  God!  Though  their  brave 
hearts  beat  no  more,  though  their  lips  are  forever  closed  ; 
yet  there  comes  up  from  the  rustic  graves  of  those  gallant 
dead,  a  silent  but  thrilling  appeal  for  a  decent  resting  place 
in  the  bosom  of  that  State  they  so  fondly  loved,  and  for 
which  they  so  nobly  died."  The  House  passed  the  bill 
unanimously. 

As  an  instance  of  his  great  strength  and  popularity,  Judge 
Snead,  in  the  election  of  1870,  led  every  name  on  the 
Democratic  ticket  in  Richmond  county  several  hundred 
votes. 

Upon  the  creation  of  the  County  Court  of  Richmond, 
he  was  appointed  Judge,  and  held  the  office  five  years. 
Taking  charge  of  the  county  affairs  when  several  thousand 
dollars  in  debt,  by  his  wise  and  just  management  he  paid 
off  the  entire  debt,  built  a  new  poor  house,  furnished  all 
the  roads  with  sign  posts  and  iron  mile  posts,  and  put  the 
County  Treasury  in  a  condition  to  meet  all  drafts  upon  it 
promptly,  at  the  same  time  reducing  the  percentage  of 
the  county  on  the  State  tax  from  67^  per  cent,  to  50  per 
cent.    His  judicial  record  gave  entire  satisfaction  to  the 


SKETCHES  OF  AUGUSTA.  39 


people,  and  his  administration  of  public  affairs  was  enthusi- 
astically endorsed  by  the  people. 

Conscientious  and  self  sacrificing,  and  true  always  to  the 
interests  of  the  people,  wise  in  his  decisions,  and  an  im- 
partial Judge,  no  one  in  all  this  section  of  Georgia  is  more 
loved  and  honored  than  Judge  Claiborne  Snead.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Judgeship  of  the  Augusta  Circuit  in  Novem- 
ber, 1878,  beginning  his  term  of  office  in  January,  1879. 
Judge  Snead  has  a  fine  physique,  and  is  an  exceedingly 
handsome  man,  stately  and  gracious  in  his  manners,  his 
affability  commending  him  to  all  who  know  him. 

M.  P.  Carroll. 

A  list  of  the  prominent  lawyers  would  be  incomplete 
without  the  addition  of  this  prince  of  humorists  as  well  as 
popular  attorneys  at  the  Augusta  Bar. 

Mr.  Carroll  was  born  in  St.  Mary's  county,  Maryland, 
March  2,  1842;  was  educated  at  Georgetown  College, 
District  of  Columbia;  entered  the  Confederate  army,  June, 
1 86 1,  as  a  prvate  soldier,  in  the  Twenty-first  Virginia  Reg- 
iment, Company  B,  Served  in  Virginia  until  January, 
1863,  when  he  was  ordered  to  report  for  staff  duty  at 
Port  Hudson,  to  General  John  Gregg,  of  Texas;  served 
from  December,  1864,  to  the  close  of  the  war  on  the  staff 
of  that  much  loved  and  distinguished  gentleman,  General 
Ambrose  R.  Wright,  of  Augusta. 

Mr.  Carroll  was  married  to  Miss  McNatt,  of  Georgia, 
in  July,  1864,  and  has,  since  the  surrender,  resided  in 
Georgia,  making  Augusta  his  home.  He  associated  him- 
self with  the  Augusta  bar  in  1871,  and  has  continued  to 
practice  law  here  since  that  time. 

Mr.  Carroll's  style  is  bright  and  sparkling,  and  a  more 
delightful  person  than  he  would  be  hard  to  find,  as  he 
rambles  on  touching  on  everything  of  interest  in  his 
course,  gay  or  grave,  lively  or  severe,  as  the  occasion 
demands,  with  a  vivacity  and  grace  which  seem  to  rise  spon- 


40  SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA. 


taneously  from  the  subject,  notwithstanding  this  vivacity, 
has  always  a  practical  object  in  view.  Mr.  Phil.  Carroll 
is  regarded  at  the  Augusta  bar  as  a  gentleman  of  consid- 
erable ability,  and  possessing  an  accurate  knowledge  of 
the  law.  He  is  also  a  man  of  extensive  general  informa- 
tion, and  of  wide  com.prehensive  reading,  embracing  a 
great  variety  of  subjects  and  topics.  His  conversation  is 
in  a  singular  degree  pleasing,  which  arises  not  less  from 
its  high  intellectual  tone,  than  from  the  genial  spirit  which 
never  abandons  him.  If  he  finds  it  necessary  to  differ 
with  you,  he  does  so  with  a  graceful  compliment,  or  with 
such  an  expression  of  deference  that  it  seems  almost  an 
apology  for  his  dissent.  There  are,  in  fact,  but  few  good 
qualities  of  the  heart  he  does  not  possess  in  an  eminent 
degree.  Notwithstanding  Mr.  Carroll  has  written  some 
very  masterly  disquisitions  on  the  principles  of  law  in  his 
briefs,  yet  his  emotions  are  generally  more  lively  than 
profound,  and  his  great  eloquence  only  roused  into  extra- 
ordinary vigor,  by  occasions  of  peculiar  interest,  a  correct 
judgment  fortifying  these  powers  of  discrimination,  which 
in  conversation,  has  been  refined  into  an  exquisite  taste. 

Mr.  Carroll  is  something  highep  and  better  than  a  man 
of  mere  wit  and  humor.  He  is  a  man  of  clear  thought, 
and  of  considerable  knowledge,  and  of  most  pure  and 
strong  feelings,  of  a  highly  emotional  nature,  armed  with 
the  purest  sensibilities  and  convictions,  having  always  a 
native  sympathy  with  what  is  elevated  and  noble,  being 
endowed  at  the  same  time  with  great  powers  of  percep- 
tion and  acquisition. 

It  may  be  said,  as  a  general  estimate  of  his  character, 
abilities,  and  aim  in  life,  that  his  whole  career,  his  connec- 
tion with  the  Augusta  Bar,  has  been  equally  distinguished 
by  high  moral  purpose,  and  by  the  most  unquestionable 
talents,  which  have  been  the  foundation  of  his  well  known 
success  as  a  lawyer. 


SKETCHES  OF  AUGUSTA.  41 


William  F.  Eve, 
Judge  of  the  City  Court,  and  Ex- Officio  Commissioner 
of  Roads  and  Revenues  for  Richmond  County,  was  ap- 
pointed Judge  of  the  City  Court,  without  opposition,  Sep- 
tember 21,  1 88 1,  for  a  term  of  four  years;  was  born 
in  the  city  of  Augusta  March  8,  185  i  ;  Vv^as  educated  at 
the  University  of  Virginia,  having  spent  two  years  in  the 
Academic  Department,  and  one  year  in  the  Law  Depart- 
ment; was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Richmond  County,  Sep- 
temper  2,  1872;  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  of  one 
of  the  City  Districts,  January,  1873,  which  position  he  re- 
signed after  holding  the  office  six  months;  was  appoint- 
ed Solicitor  of  the  County  Court  of  Richmond  County 
September  10,  1875,  which  position  he  continued  to  hold 
until  the  resignation  of  the  Hon.  Claiborne  Snead,  Judge 
of  the  County  Court,  when  he  was  appointed  by  Gov. 
Colquitt  to  this  office  of  Judge  of  said  Court,  October  15, 
1878.  He  continued  Judge  of  the  County  Court  until  its 
abolition  and  the  creation  of  the  present  City  Court  of 
Richmond  County,  September  14,  188 1. 

In  addition  to  duties  incident  to  the  office  of  Judge, 
Judge  Eve  has,  since  his  occupation  of  the  Bench,  had 
sole  control  of  the  county  affairs,  and  he  deserves  the 
highest  praise  for  the  time  and  labor  spent  in  the  improve- 
ment of  the  buildings  and  roads  of  the  county,  in  proof  of 
which,  witness  their  present  fine  condition. 

The  roads  of  Richmond  County,  under  his  administra- 
tion, are  conceded  to  be  the  finest  in  the  State,  and  the 
handsome  Court  Room,  of  which  Augusta  is  so  justly 
proud,  was  remodeled  and  furnished  under  Judge  Eve's  own 
personal  supervision  and  direction,  and  is  a  model  of  taste 
and  beauty. 

In  addition  to  the  office  of  Judge,  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Health  of  the  City  of  Augusta,  and  a  Director 
of  the  Young  Men's  Library  Association,  also  President 


42 


SKETCHES  OF  AUGUSTA. 


of  the  Mechanic  Independent  Fire  Company  of  Augusta. 

The  Chronicle  &  Constihttionalist  of  April  20,  highly 
compHments  Judge  Eve  for  the  "stern  and  rigorous  en- 
forcement "  of  the  law  against  carrying  concealed  wea- 
pons, saying  he  "  had  received  the  highest  praise  in  this 
regard  from  the  press  of  the  country,  North  and  South,  as 
well  as  from  several  consecutive  grand  juries  of  this  coun- 
ty, for  the  iincomproinising  manner  in  which  he  had  exe- 
cuted the  law."  The  same  article  especially  compliments 
Capt.  Leon  for  being  the  first  one  to  introduce  the  reso- 
lution in  the  City  Council  requiring  the  police  to  enforce 
this  law;  also  compliments  the  police  for  their  ''faithful 
and  efficient  discharge  "  of  their  duty. 

The  Augusta  Evening  News^  in  an  article  signed  ''Lex/' 
headed  "  Render  unto  Caesar,"  etc.,  says  "that  especially 
to  Judge  Wm,  F.  Eve  is  due  the  almost  total  absence  of 
homicides  in  this  county  for  the  last  few  years,  on  account 
of  the  rigid  enforcement  of  the  law  against  carrying  con- 
cealed weapons,  and  winds  up  the  article  by  saying  that 
human  life  is  safer  in  the  streets  of  Augusta,  Georgia, 
than  in  those  of  New  York,  Boston,  or  other  Northern 
cities  that  take  so  much  pleasure  in  prating  of  the  '  law- 
lessness' of  the  South." 

Judge  Eve  has  been  in  public  service  for  ten  years,  and 
has  given  the  best  talents  and  efforts  of  his  youth  in  the 
faithful  discharge  of  whatsoever  duties  have  fallen  to  him. 
His  earnest  and  greatest  desire  is,  and  has  been,  that  his 
native  State — the  great  State  of  Georgia — should  prosper, 
and  that  his  people  should  be  happy. 

Belonging  to  a  family  long  resident,  and  noted  in  Au- 
gusta for  its  social  distinction,  as  well  as  scholarly  attain- 
ments, it  is  hardly  a  matter  of  surprise  that  he  should  so 
closely  follow  the  footsteps  of  his  illustrious  predecessors, 
and  make  himself  famous  in  whatever  calling  he  should 
engage. 


SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA.  43 


The  Judge  of  the  City  Court  is  a  very  important  office, 
and  has  territorial  jurisdiction  over  the  whole  county  of 
Richmond,  concurrent  with  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Supe- 
rior Court,  to  try  and  dispose  of  all  civil  cases  of  whatso- 
ever nature  above  the  jurisdiction  of  Justice  of  the  Peace. 
The  Judge  of  the  City  Court  has  power  also  to  grant  a 
new  trial  in  any  case,  civil  or  criminal,  in  his  Court,  under 
the  same  lav/s  and  regulations  governing  the  granting  of 
new  trials  in  the  Superior  Courts. 

Richmond  County  is  free  from  debt,  and  has  no  bonds 
or  floating  debt.  Every  claim  upon  the  county  is  pre- 
sented to  Judge  Eve  the  first  of  the  month,  and  promptly 
paid. 

The  people  of  Richmond  •  County  highly  appreciate 
Judge  Eve,  and  have  warmly  and  unanimously  sustained 
his  administration  of  County  and  City  affairs,  while  the 
people  of  Augusta  point  to  him  with  a  just  and  commend- 
able pride. 

The  Eves  are  a  talented  family,  noted  throughout  the 
State  for  their  professional  services,  being  either  physicians 
or  lawyers — there  being  several  celebrated  physicians  in 
Augusta  of  the  same  family. 

Augusta  Court  House. 

Augusta  has  the  handsomest  Court  House  in  the  State, 
in  the  centre  of  a  beautiful  grove  of  magnificent  trees,  with 
two  handsome  fountains  to  the  right  and  left  of  the  pave- 
ment leading  to  the  steps  that  ascend  to  the  court  rooms. 
Handsome  silk  curtains  drape  the  arched  way,  from  the 
court  room  leading  to  the  hall  opening  into  the  Judge's 
private  office. 

It  was  built  in  1S24,  and  is  three  stories  high,  one 
hundred  and  twenty  feet  long,  and  sixty  feet  wide,  and 
would  be  an  ornament  to  any  city,  having  been  remod- 
eled recently. 


44  SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA. 


The  Augusta  Police 

are  the  handsomest  and  most  styHshly  uniformed  body 
of  men  in  the  United  States;  at  the  same  time  the  pohtest 
in  their  manners,  and  perfect  gentlemen  otherwise.  In 
full  dress  uniform,  with  their  white  gloves  on,  which  they 
wear  all  the  time  on  duty,  they  do  look  splendid.  Po- 
licemen, in  many  of  the  cities  in  the  United  States  are 
perfect  ruffians  and  as  coarse  and  uncouth  as  can  be,  but 
hei'e  they  are  gentlemen^  and  for  their  uniformly  courteous 
conduct  deserve  great  praise. 

Chief  John  A.  Christian  is  a  magnificent  looking  man  ; 
six  feet,  one  inch  in  height,  and  weighs  two  hundred  and 
six  pounds;  is  said  to  be  the  exact  image  of  Gen.  Lee, 
only,  I  think,  a  handsomer  man  than  Gen.  Lee.  He  is 
stately  and  dignified,  with  hair  as  white  as  snow,  and  has 
been  Chief  of  the  Augusta  Police  nearly  forty  years. 

Mr.  Christian  was  born  March  ii,  i8i  i,  in  Columbia 
county,  Georgia.  His  mother  was  married  in  the  house 
now  occupied  by  Judge  Milo  Olin,  corner  Washington  and 
Ellis  streets.  His  father  was  a  Methodist  minister,  sta- 
tioned in  Augusta. 

Mr.  Christian  was  elected  Chief  of  the  Augusta  Police 
in  1843,  and  has  held  the  office  since  that  time,  except  a 
few  years  during  the  Blodget  administration.  He  will 
have  the  office  as  long  as  his  health  continues.  Mr.  Chris- 
tian is  universally  admired  and  beloved  in  Augusta,  his 
long  continuance  in  office  being  proof  substantial  of  the 
high  estimation  in  which  he  is  held  by  the  Augusta  people. 

There  are  forty  two  men  on  the  police  force  in  Augusta, 
and  ten  supernumeraries. 

Lieutenant  Joseph  A.  Twiggs,  a  brother  of  the  Hon. 
H.  D.  D.  Twiggs,  is  a  stylish  young  officer,  and  much  es- 
teemed in  Augusta;  has  been  on  the  "force"  five  years; 
was  in  the  First  South  Carolina  Calvary,  serving  in  the 
famous  Wade  Hampton  Brigade, 


SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA.  45 


Augusta  Stencil  Works. 

E.  W.  Dodge,  121  Eighth  street — an  important  and 
prosperous  business  enterprise. 

Begining  in  1872,  Mr.  Dodge  has,  by  his  own  energy 
and  perseverance,  succeeded  in  building  up  for  himself  a 
lucrative,  prosperous  business.  He  has  recently  begun, 
and  is  now,  making  a  specialty  of  the  manufacture  of  Ritb- 
be?  Stamps  and  Seal  Presses^  with  every  guarantee  of  suc- 
cess. The  promptness  he  observes  in  filling  his  numer- 
ous orders  gives  the  purchaser  the  advantange  of  receiving 
goods  at  the  shortest  possible  notice,  and  finished  in  the 
most  excellent  style — sending  them  throughout  Georgia, 
South  Carolina,  Tennessee,  and  other  points.  Mr.  Dodge 
deserves  great  credit  for  the  energy  and  perseverance  he 
has  displayed  from  the  commencement  of  his  business, 
having  begun  and  built  up  the  business  at  Augusta,  with- 
out instructions,  experience  alone  being  the  only  teacher  he 
has  had  in  acquiring  the  rudiments  of  his  business.  Mr. 
Dodge  is  well  known  in  Augusta,  and  has  the  confidence 
of  the  people  here — having  lived  here  all  his  life,  although 
born  in  Massachusetts,  and  coming  the  same  year  to  Au- 
gusta in  1852.  He  is  welh  worthy  of  patronage,  and  de- 
serves to  succeed,  for  go  there  when  you  will,  you  will 
always  find  him  busy. 

He  issues  monthly  a  spicy  litttle  advertising  sheet, 
filled  with  short  personal  notices  of  prominent  business 
houses ;  at  the  same  time,  does  excellent  work  as  job 
printer.    Remember,  F.  W.  Dodge,  121  Eighth  street. 

The  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
Animals. 

Augusta  has  many  things  to  make  her  famous,  and 
very  many  things  to  be  proud  of.  The  noblest  institution 
on  the  face  of  the  earth,  as  well  as  one  of  the  few  institu- 
tions in  existence  of  that  kind,  is  located  in  Augusta,  that 


46  SKETCHES  OF  A  TIG  USTA. 


is,  the  *'  Georgia  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
Animals,"  which  is  the  result  of  two  years  untiring,  pa- 
tient endeavor,  in  the  face  of  the  greatest  difficulties,  of 
an  accomplished  young  Augusta  lady,  Miss  Louise  Wood- 
ward King,  who  died  December  7,  1878,  leaving  a  name 
that  will  be  handed  down  from  generation  to  generation, 
covered  with  love  and  praise  as  long  as  Augusta  shall 
have  an  existence. 

This  humane  and  noble  society  was  organized  in  Au- 
gusta in  1873,  by  Miss  Louise  King,  who  resided  on  the 
Sand  Hills,  and  was  noted  for  her  decision  of  character 
and  tenderness  of  heart,  and  ever  earnest  endeavors  to 
alleviate  sufferings  of  any  description,  and  if  the  poor 
dumb  annimals  could  talk,  every  breath  they  draw  would 
be  a  silent  prayer  that  this  young  lady  was  safe  in  the  arms 
of  her  Heavenly  Father. 

The  first  Society  ever  known  in  the  world  for  the  pre- 
vention of  cruelty  to  animals  was  established  in  London 
in  1830,  with  the  Queen  for  its  patron,  the  Earl  of  Har- 
rowby  its  President ;  while  the  Board  of  Officers  is  com- 
posed of  Princes,  Dukes,  Earls,  Bishops,  and  many  of  the 
most  prominent  men  in  England.  At  the  last  meeting  in 
London,  (Tenth  Annual  Report  of  the  Georgia  Society 
for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals,  1880,)  the 
Princess  Louise,  daughter  of  Victoria,  offered  and  distrib- 
uted one  hundred  and  ninety  prizes  for  the  best  composi- 
tion on  "Kindness  to  Animals, "  to  the  successful  com- 
petitor in  one  hundred  and  ninety  schools  in  London. 

In  the  sam.e  report,  Mr.  George  T.  Angell,  President  of 
the  Massachusetts  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to 
Animals,  says  in  defense  of  the  Society  : 

* 'Around  forty  millions  of  human  population  is  thrown 
the  whole  protection  of  Church  and  State  Laws,  Courts 
and  Magistrates,  public  and  private  charity ;  while  for 
more  than  four  hundred  millions  of  our  animal  population, 


SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA.  A7 


until  within  the  past  few  years,  not  a  single  effective  law 
has  ever  been  enacted,  or  a  single  voice  raised  publicly  in 
their  behalf."  This  gentleman  goes  on  to  say  that  "Cru- 
elty will  become  unpopular  when  men  find  they  are  at- 
tracting public  attention ;  and  to  make  this  cruelty  un- 
popular, this  noble  young  lady,  Miss  Louise  King,  worked 
indefatigably  until  she  got  the  Society  established,  which 
provides  certain  punishment,  in  cases  of  cruelty,  at  the 
same  time  any  case  of  wanton  cruelty  throughout  the 
State  of  Georgia,  if  reported  to  the  Society  at  Augusta, 
will  receive  prompt  attention,  and  a  just  punishment 
meted  out. 

The  branch  at  Savannah,  established  two  years  ago,  is 
the  only  one  in  the  State  outside  of  Augusta  that  is  ac- 
complishing anything. 

The  officers  of  the  Georgia  Society  at  Augusta,  which 
is  the  mother  of  all  the  Georgia  Societies  for  the  Preven- 
tion of  Cruelty  to  Animals,  are:  H.  B.  King,  President; 
Maj.  W.  T.  Gary,  Counsel;  Frank  Blaisdell,  Treasurer; 
W.  Edward  Piatt,  Secretary ;  S.  R.  Craig,  Agent. 

Each  Southern  State  should  take  Augusta  as  a  model, 
and  establish  a  society  of  the  same  sort. 


Medical  College  of  Georgia. 

This  distinguished  institution  was  founded  in  1829,  and 
from  its  walls  have  issued  sonae  of  the  niost  noted  physi- 
cians in  the  South.  It  has  now  become  the  Medical  De- 
partment of  the  State  University,  dating  from  1873,  hav- 
ing the  City  Hospital,  the  Dispensary  and'the  Freedman's 
Hospital  under  the  same  control.  The  appointments  of 
the  College  are  first-class  in  every  respect— the  building 
large  and  commodious — in  addition  to  which  is  a  valuable 
Anatomical  Museum,  a  Library,  containing  five  thousand 
volumes,  a  convenient  Dissecting  Hall,  and  an  extensive 
Physico-Chemical  Laboratory. 

Faculty  of  the  Medical  College  of  Georgia: 
Geo.  W.  Rains,  M.  D.,  L.L.  D  ,  Dean;  Ementus 
Lewis  D.  Ford,  M.  D.,  L.L.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Insti- 
tute and  Practice  of  Medicine;  J.  A.  Eve,  M.  D.,  Pro- 
fessor of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  Women  and  Infants  ; 
Emeritus  L.  A.  Dugas,  M.  D.,  L.L.  D.,  Professor  of 
the  Principles  and  Practice  of  Surgery ;  Geo.  W.  Rains, 
M.  D.,  L.L.  D.,   Professor  of   Medical  Chemistry  and 


SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA,  49 


Pharmacy;  Henry  F.  Campbell,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Op- 
erative Surgery  and  Gynaecology ;  DeSaussure  Ford,  M. 
D.,  Professor  of  Descriptive  and  Surgical  Anatomy;  Ed- 
ward Geddings,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Physiology  and  Pa- 
tholog}^ ;  Robert  C.  Eve,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Materia 
Medica,  Therapeutics  and  Medical  Jurisprudence  ;  Geo.  C. 
Dugas,  M.D.,  Adjuct  to  the  Professor  of  Surgery;  Thos. 
R.  Wright,  M.D.,  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy  and  Prosec- 
tor to  the  Professor  of  Anatomy;  W.  H.  Doughty,  Jr., 
Assistant  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy. 

Clinical  Assistants — George  C.  Dugas,  M.D.,  Thomas 
R.  Wright,  M.D.,  Charles  W.  Hickman.  M.D.,  Joseph  E. 
Allen,  M.D.,  Theo.  Lamb,  M.D.,  A.  E.  Dugas,  M.D., 
W.  H.  Doughty,  Jr.,  M.D.,  L.  W.  Fargo,  M.D.,  E.  G. 
Eve,  M.  D.  ;  Charles  T.  Rich,  Janitor. 

Dr.  George  W.  Rains,  Dean,  has  been  connected  with 
the  Institution  since  1866  ;  is  a  native  of  Craven  county, 
N.  C.  ;  gaduated  at  West  Point  in  1842  ;  was  appointed 
Assistant  Professor  of  Chemistry,  Mineralogy  and  Ge- 
ology, two  years  at  West  Point,  which  position  he  re- 
signed and  went  into  the  Mexican  War.  At  the  time  of 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war  between  the  States,  Dr.  Rains 
was  in  Newburg,  New  York  ;  had  charge  of  some  exten- 
sive Iron  Works.  He  came  to  Augusta  and  assumed 
charge,  at  the  request  of  President  Jefferson  Davis,  whom 
he  had  known  intimately  at  West  Point,  of  the  large  Pow- 
der Works  located  at  Augusta,  being  the  very  man  that 
Mr.  Davis  wanted,  having  as  fine  a  knowledge  of  machin- 
ery as  he  had  of  chemistry. 

Dr.  Rains  was  made  Dean  of  the  Medical  College  in 
1866;  he  is  also  Chairman  of  the  Richmond  Academy, 
and  to  him  belongs  the  credit  of  having  organized  and 
got  under  headway  that  institution  just  after  the  war. 

Dr.  Joseph  Adams  Eve,  father  of  Hon.  Wm.  F.  Eve, 


50  SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA, 


Judge  of  the  City  Court,  is  of  English  descent ;  was  born 
in  Charleston,  S.  C,  August  ist,  1805;  his  parents  re- 
moved and  settled  in  Richmond  county,  when  he  was 
only  six  years  of  age.  Dr.  Eve  graduated  from  the  Med- 
ical College  of  S.  C,  in  1828.  He  returned  to  Augusta 
and  established  himself  in  the  practice  of  medicine,  and 
for  the  past  fifty-four  years  has  been  actively  engaged  in 
the  practice,  and  is  now  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
physicians  in  the  United  States.  In  fact,  the  entire  family 
of  Eves  are  distinguished  as  physicians  throughout  the 
country.  Dr.  Joseph  Eve  has  always  made  a  specialty  of 
Obstetrics  and  Diseases  of  AVomen  and  Children.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Medical  College  of  Geor- 
gia, being  then  appointed  to  Chair  of  Materia  Medica  and 
Therapeutics.  This  position  he  continued  to  hold  until 
1839,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  Chair  of  Obstetrics  and 
Diseases  of  Women  and  Children,  to  fill  the  vacancy  oc- 
casioned by  the  death  of  Dr.  Milton  Antony,  to  whom 
the  State  of  Georgia  is  especially  indebted  for  this  venera- 
ble Institution  of  learning,  which  position  Dr.  Eve  has 
held  up  to  the  present  time. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  American  Gynaecological  Society 
in  New  York,  Dr.  Eve  was  said  to  be  the  oldest  teacher 
of  Obstetrics  in  the  United  States.  Is  a  member  of  the 
Augusta  Academy  of  Medicine,  the  Georgia  State  Medi- 
cal Association ;  is  an  honorary  fellow  of  the  American 
Gynaecological  Society  of  the  Boston  Gynaecological  So- 
ciety, and  was  a  delegate  to  the  International  Medical 
Congress  at  Philadelphia  in  1876.  Is  also  the  author  of 
some  very  valuable  contributions  to  medical  literature 
upon  Materia  Medica  and  Gynaecology,  published  from 
time  to  time  in  the  leading  Medical  Journals,  He  has 
given  to  the  Medical  Profession  of  Augusta  three  distin- 
guished sons — Dr.  Sterling  C.  Eve,  Dr.  Robert  C.  Eve, 
and  Dr.  Joseph  E.  Eve,  who  died  one  year  ago,  in  his 


SKETCHES  OF  A  UG  USTA.  5 1 


promising  young  manhood.  In  Augusta,  in  one  family, 
we  find  the  representation  of  three  generations  actively 
engaged  in  the  profession  of  Medicine.  Dr.  Robert  C 
Eve  now  holds  the  Professorship  of  Materia  Medica  and 
Therapeutics,  being  the  same  chair  that  his  venerable 
and  distinguished  father  occupied  in  the  infancy  of  this 
noble  Institution. 

Three  of  the  most  celebrated  physicians  in  the  South, 
and  founders  of  the  Medical  College,  at  Augusta  still  live  : 
Drs.  L.  D.  Ford,  Joseph  A.  Eve,  and  L.  A.  Dugas. 

Dr.  Charlbs  W.  Hickman. 

This  distinguished  young  physician  is  a  native  of  Au- 
gusta; was  born  15th  August,  1852.  Becoming  infatu- 
ated with  the  science  of  medicine,  after  finishing  his 
Academic  studies  he  devoted  himself  to  its  studies, 
graduating  at  the  Medical  College  ot  Georgia,  March  1, 
1873.  He  was  ambitious,  and  not  content  with  what  he 
deemed  an  insufficient  preparation  for  so  complicated  and 
profound  a  science  as  medicine,  he  went  abroad  and  spent 
four  years  in  Europe,  an  indefatigable  student  and  searcher 
after  knowledge. 

Although  a  student  at  London,  Paris,  Berlin  and  Vi- 
enna, diligently  seeking  knowledge  from  almost  every 
source  within  his  reach,  yet  most  of  his  time  was  spent 
between  London  and  Vienna.  While  earnest  in  the  in- 
vestigations of  all  departments  of  his  profession,  he  pur- 
sued more  than  all  the  others  the  studies  of  the  Eye,  Ear 
and  Throat  diseases.  In  this  way  he  combined  the  great 
advantages  of  the  German  Colleges,  with  the  large  clini- 
cal advantages  only  to  be  obtained  at  London,  where  the 
seeker  after  such  knowledge  had  the  benefit  of  seeing 
yearly  as  many  as  twenty-five  thousand  cases  of  the  Eye 
alone  at  the  great  Hospitals  at  Moorfields. 

The  many  sufferers  he  has  relieved  in  Augusta,  restoring 


52  SKETCHES  OF  A  UQ  USTA. 


sight  and  hearing,  attest  the  skill  and  proficiency  with 
which  he  has  practiced  his  profession  in  his  native  city  for 
several  years. 

Dr.  Hickman  is  the  son  of  H.  H.  Hickman,  President 
of  the  Graniteville  Factory.  He  can  be  found  at  his  office, 
117  Campbell  Street,  from  9  a.m. ,  to  11  a.  m.,  and  from 
3  to  5  p.  M. 


SKETCHES  OF  SANDERSVILLE.  53 


Sketches  of  Sandersville,  Ga, 


Sandersville, 

Washington  county,  Georgia,  with  a  population  of  about 
1,500,  is  sixty  miles  from  Macon,  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Sandersville  &  Tennille  Railroad,  a  branch  of  three  miles 
from  the  Central  Railroad. 

Sandersville  is  one  hundred  years  old,  and  has  some 
historic  fame.  The  old  Court  House  of  Sandersville  helped 
to  light  the  pathway  of  Sherman  in  his  "march  to  the 
sea."  It  was  rebuilt  in  1868.  The  population  of  V/ash- 
ington  county  is  about  23,000.  The  voting  population, 
3,200. 

On  the  public  square  there  stands  a  handsome  monu- 
ment, erected  to  the  memory  of  Ex-Governor  Irwin,  of 
this  State,  showing  in  what  reverence  and  esteem  he  was 
held  by  the  citizens.  It  is  very  much  to  the  credit  of  any 
people  who  reverence  their  dead  statesmen  and  heroes, 
like  Virginia,  for  instance.  Capitol  square  in  Richmond, 
the  prettiest  place  in  the  world,  is  full  of  handsome  monu- 
ments, erected  to  the  distinguished  dead,  showing  that 
men  do  not  always  live  in  vain.  There  is  one  man  in 
Georgia  who  ought  to  have  a  monument  over  him  when 
he  dies — t?t  memoriam  of  a  dead  past — General  Toombs. 
He  still  clanks  the  chains  of  an  unpardoned  rebel,  and  will, 
to  his  dying  day.  He  belongs  to  the  past — he  is  the  ghost 
of  the  dead  Confederacy— "madman  that  roams  through  a 
ruin  in  search  of  a  dream."  He  has  naught  to  do  with  the 
present.  To  me  there  is  something  sublime  in  General 
Toombs,  who  so  gallantly  defended  the  heights  of  Antietam 
against  Burnside,  going  down  to  the  grave  2.xv  unreconstructed 


54  SKETCHES  OF  SANDERSVILLE. 


Rebel.  General  Toombs  remarked  two  or  three  years  ago, 
that  whenever  he  felt  his  hatred  toward  the  Yankees  waver- 
ing a  little — he  stopped  on  his  way  to  the  White  Sulphur 
and  got  ''old  ]\x-bal  (with  the  emphasis  on  the  last  syllable) 
Early  to  cuss  'em  out  one  more  time,  and  then  he  was  all 
right  again."  Having  had  the  pleasure  of  hearing  General 
Early  cuss  'em  out  myself  (metaphorically)  on  one  or  two 
occasions,  I  can  appreciate  the  gratification  which  is  very 
foreign  to  Sandersville,  but  I  hope  to  be  excused.  This  is 
not  intended  to  be  anything  of  a  history  of  Sandersville — 
but  a  brief  summary  of  events,  as  they  are  at  present,  and 
some  personal  notices  of  a  few  of  the  citizens.  I  am  sure 
I  never  was  in  a  more  delightful  little  city,  or  ever  met 
more  congenial,  charming  people,  and  my  only  regret  was 
that  circumstances  compelled  my  stay  to  be  so  brief. 

Hon.  Mr.  Newman,  Ordinary  was  elected  January, 
1 88 1,  and  as  an  on  dit^  that  he  has  a  "homestead"  on  the 
office.  Major  Haywood  Brookin  was  the  first  Ordinary 
the  county  ever  had,  remained  in  that  office  until  he  died, 
in  1875.  Was  succeeded  by  C.  C.  Brown,  who  was  suc- 
ceeded by  the  present  incumbent.  Mr.  Newman  is  a 
Polander,  and  has  been  here  since  1877,  being  in  the  mer- 
cantile business  prior  to  his  election  to  the  Ordinary's  office. 
When  Mr.  Newman  entered  on  the  duties  of  his  office  one 
year  ago,  Washington  county  was  in  debt  ;^4,8i2.  This 
debt,  owing  to  its  accomplished  financier,  has  been  paid  in 
full,  leaving  this  i6th  day  of  March,  1882,  in  the  County 
Treasury,  $2,'joo  in  cash.  The  taxes  were  eighty  cents  on 
the  hundred  dollars,  which  he  reduced  the  first  year  to 
seventy  cents.  For  the  year  1882  they  will  be  reduced  to 
fifty  cents,  which  is  certainly  very  remarkable.  The  people 
of  Washington  county  are  more  than  delighted  with  the 
present  management  of  their  affairs,  and  are  enthusiastic 
in  their  praise  of  Mr.  Newman.  Mr.  Newman,  aside  from 
his  popularity  as  a  county  official,  is  highly  educated,  and 


SKETCHES  OF  SANDERSVILLE.  55 


speaks  four  languages  fluently.  Mr.  Newman  is  President 
of  the  Board  of  Education. 

The  Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court  is  A.  M.  Mayo  ; 
County  Treasurer,  O.  H.  Rogers,  of  the  famous  law  firm 
of  Hines  &  Rogers. 

Hon.  B.  T.  Rawlings,  Mayor  of  the  city,  elected  Sep- 
tember, 1 88 1,  by  a  handsome  majority  of  four  to  one  (think 
that  is  correct)  is  the  youngest  Mayor  ever  elected,  and 
is  a  very  intelligent  as  well  as  practical  gentleman,  and 
sustains  himself  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  citizens  of 
Sandersville.  Full  of  energy  and  enterprise,  Mr.  Raw- 
lings  took  an  active  part  in  the  establishment  of  the  Public 
Schools  of  Sandersville,  which  has  been  so  successful  from 
the  beginning,  outside  of  which,  he  has  shown  himself 
equally  as  much  interested,  and  willing  to  aid  liberally, 
any  other  enterprise  that  would  contribute  to  the  advance- 
ment of  the  city  of  Sandersville.  The  city  is  fortunate  in 
having  such  a  Mayor. 

The  Rawlings  Brothers  own  the  Sandersville  Hotel, 
which  we  will  speak  of  later.  Mr.  Rawlings  has  also  a 
store  for  furnishing  general  plantation  supplies.  The  three 
young  men,  the  Brothers,"  appear  to  have  been  very 
successful  in  their  different  vocations,  which  reminds  us  of 
Dr.  Wm.  Rawlings,  the  fast  rising  young  doctor,  or  one 
who  has  already  "risen,"  having  practiced  medicine  in 
Sandersville  since  1876,  and  is  rapidly  gaining  an  excellent 
reputation,  for  surgery,  which  is  his  specialty. 

Dr.  Rawlings  has  had  the  benefit  of  the  finest  institu- 
tions of  learning  in  the  world,  and  practice  and  experience 
in  various  home  and  foreign  hospitals.  Having  graduated 
in  Baltimore  and  New  York,  he  took  a  Post-graduate 
course  in  London  and  Paris,  for  more  than  a  year.  His 
almost  unprecedented  success  has  established  his  reputa- 
tion beyond  question,  while  a  brilliant  future  lies  before 
him.    Young,  ambitious,  and  handsome,  he  has  only  to 


56  SKETCHES  OF  SANDERSVILLE. 


continue  in  the  pathway  mapped  out  for  himself,  and  his 
future  is  assured. 

Dr.  Rawhngs  was  offered  a  Chair  in  the  Medical  Uni- 
versity at  Atlanta,  and  accepted  for  a  short  time,  but  re- 
signed, deciding  to  remain  here,  and  he  has  never  regret- 
ted it,  as  his  books  show  an  average  of  $6poo  a  year  since 
he  first  began  practice. 

Sandersville  High  School 

was  established,  overruling  a  little  prejudice  against  pub- 
public  schools,  a  little  over  a  year  ago.  Those  who  then 
opposed  it,  as  well  as  others,  are  delighted  with  the 
change. 

From  the  Mayor  we  learned  that  the  High  School  was 
organized  in  1881.  They  have  a  handsome  public  build- 
ing, with  an  aggregate  school  fund  of  ^4,000  a  year 
arising  from  the  interest  of  the  S.  &  T.  Railroad  bonds, 
the  whiskey  license,  and  the  pro  rata  of  the  Public  School 
Fund,  making  an  amply  sufficient  sum  to  meet  all  expen- 
ses. 

The  retail  liquor  houses  are  taxed  ,^500  00  each,  which 
brings  quite  a  little  sum  to  the  city,  which  is  set  aside  for 
the  above  named  purpose.  The  High  School  is  in  a 
highly  prosperous  condition  under  the  able  management 
of  the  accomplished  principal,  Prof.  V/.  H.  Lawson,  who 
has  had  seventeen  years  of  experience  in  teaching. 

The  Principal  courteously  informed  us  that  the  school 
under  his  control  had  on  the  roll  one  hundred  and  sixty- 
five  pupils,  employing  five  teaches.  It  is  graded  in  nine 
grades,  and  the  pupils  thoroughly  prepared  for  every  Col- 
lege in  the  State.  Everything  is  taught  here  from  the 
lowest  to  the  highest  branches  of  mathematics  and  the 
languages. 

The  colored  department  has  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
five,  pupils  and  three  teachers,  all  colored. 


SKETCHES  OF  SANDERSVILLE.  57 


The  teachers  in  the  Sandersville  High  School,  besides 
the  Principal,  Prof.  Lawson,  are  Mrs.  Robinson,  Mrs. 
Maria  Haynes,  Miss  Alice  Hardnett  and  Miss  Sallie  Davis. 

Prof.  Lawson  has  a  reputation  as  a  teacher  inferior  to 
none.  He  is  a  gentleman  forty  years  of  age,  and  a  grad- 
uate of  the  University  of  Georgia,  at  Athens ;  vi^as  a 
Confederate  soldier,  and  served  in  the  Forty-ninth  Geor- 
gia Regiment  during  the  war. 

Sandersville  Post  Office. 

There  is  not  a  small  town  in  the  State  that  has  as  ele- 
gantly appointed  Post  Office  as  Sandersville,  nor,  perhaps, 
as  popular  a  Post  Master.  Dr.  John  B.  Roberts,  Post 
Master,  was  the  architect  of  the  strikingly  beautiful  design 
of  the  new  front,  combining  both  elegance  and  conven- 
ience, which  he  had  stamped  at  the  Yale  Lock  Manufact- 
uring Company,  in  Connecticut. 

Dr.  Roberts  was  appointed  to  the  office  about  a  year 
ago.  He  is  a  native  of  Washington  county,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  First  Georgia  Regiment,  afterwards  in  the 
Forty-Ninth,  commanded  at  the  close  by  Col.  Jordan,  of 
Sparta.  Dr.  Roberts  has  been  mentioned  in  several  books 
and  pamphlets  of  the  war  for  his  conspicuous  bravery. 
Quoting  from  a  history  of  the  Forty-Ninth  Georgia  Regi- 
ment as  follows : 

''Among  the  many  heroes  whose  names  stand  high  on 
the  roll  of  fame  h'om  old  Georgia,  the  gallant,  daring,  des- 
perate deeds  of  courage  of  Lieutenant  John  B,  Roberts, 
scout  for  Wilcox  Division,  bears  second  rank  to  none,  and 
he  has  gained  for  himself  a  name  which  will  long  be  promi- 
nent in  the  Empire  State  of  the  South. 

He  has  frequently  penetrated  to  the  very  heart  of  the 
enemy's  camp,  and  safely  returned,  bearing  information  of 
the  greatest  value.  He  has  taken  prisoners  in  the  lines, 
undergoing  great  personal  risk,  and  brought  them  triumph- 


58         SKETCHES  OF  SANDERSVILLE. 


antly  into  camp.  He  has  seized  videttes  upon  their  posts 
and  marched  them  into  the  Confederate  line.  His  courage 
is  not  the  result  of  impulse,  but  of  that  cool  and  deliberate 
character,  which  renders  him  a  dangerous  enemy." 

Again,  we  find  the  following,  headed  "a  young  and 
DAKING  officer:"  "  Upon  the  recommendation  of  the 
commanding  General,  Lieutenant  John  B.  Roberts,  com- 
manding sharp- shooters  of  the  Forty-Ninth  Georgia  Regi- 
ment, (and  the  well  known  scout  of  the  Wilcox  Light 
Division,)  has  been  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Captaincy  by 
the  Secretary  of  War,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct 
during  the  late  battles  around  Petersburg.  Long  life  to 
the  Captain,  and  may  he  continue  to  72se  as  he  makes  the 
enemy  fall.'' 

Dr.  Roberts  is  a  fine  writer  himself,  and  contributed  to 
the  paper  here  some  very  valuable,  as  well  as  interesting 
letters  of  travel,  while  in  Europe  a  few  years  ago.  The 
author  will  always  remember  him  with  a  great  deal  of 
pleasure.  All  public  officials  oiight  to  be  polite  and  at- 
tentive, but  all  are  not.  However,  Dr.  Roberts  is  just  as 
attentive  and  affable  as  he  can  be  to  every  one,  and  a  great 
favorite  with  all  classes  of  society. 

Sandersville  has  the  most  unique  and  romantic  Council 
Chambers,  built  in  the  form,  I  believe,  of  a  hexagon,  with 
an  outside  stairway  leading  to  the  chamber,  where  his 
"Honor,"  Mayor  Rawlings,  presides  over  the  destinies 
and  future  punishments  "  of  those  who  have  ''trans- 
gressed the  law."  The  building  is  very  pretty  nnd  highly 
ornamented. 

The  City  Council  consist  of  Dr.  H.  N.  Hollifield,  G.  D. 
Worthen,  J.  K.  Hines,  C.  J.  Duggan,  W.  H.  Boyer;  C. 
M.  Mitchell,  City  Clerk  and  Treasurer.  County  Treasurer, 
O.  H.  Rogers. 

Dr.  Hollifield  is  an  old  and  highly  esteemed  citizen,  and 
one  of  the  most  prominent  citizens  in  this  section  of 


SKETCHES  OF  SANDERS  VILLE.  59 


country.  He  is  a  Marylander,  but  has  lived  here  twenty- 
seven  years  of  his  life.  He  was  educated  in  Philadelphia, 
and  spent  one  year  in  the  practice  of  medicine  in  New 
Jersey ;  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention, 
and  was  for  eight  years  the  Judge  of  the  Inferior  Court, 
which  office  was  abolished  at  the  close  of  the  war.  Dr. 
Hollifield  was  a  surgeon  in  the  Confederate  Army.  He 
enlisted  in  the  army  as  Captain  of  the  Sandersville  Light 
Artillery.  He  is  a  noted  man  in  his  community,  and  has 
filled  various  honorable  positions  of  trust,  always  to 
the  satisfaction  of  those  who  placed  him  there.  He  is 
the  County  School  Commissioner  and  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Education. 

Sandersville  has  about  thirty  business  houses,  five  phy- 
sicians, and  seven  lawyers.  The  most  famous  law  firm  in 
Sandersville  is  that  of  Hines  &  Rogers,  both  young  men, 
in  the  midst  of  a  fine  practice.  Mr.  Hines  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Savannah,  having  read  law  under  Hon.  Rufus  E, 
Lester ;  began  the  practice  some  eight  years  ago. 

Mr.  Rogers  read  law  under  Mr.  Hines,  and  was  admit- 
ted before  Herschel  V.  Johnson. 

These  young  men  are  in  the  midst  of  a  very  successful 
practice,  and  the  citizens  point  to  them  with  pride. 

A  rather  laughable  incident  occurred  recently  in  Court : 
Mr.  Hines  was  the  opposing  attorney  in  the  case  with 
Judge  Montgomery,  from  Augusta,  an  ex-Supreme  Court 
Judge.  Mr.  Hines  turned  to  and  read  some  of  Judge 
Montgomery's  own  Supreme  Court  decisions  against 
him,  and  v/on  his  case,  creating  some  diversion  in  the  Court 
room.  (This  came  to  us  outside,  as  we  did  not  have  the 
pleasure  of  meeting  Mr.  Hines.) 

Orr  Brothers. 

The  most  prominent  firm  in  the  mercantile  line  at  San- 
dersville is  the  above,  successors  to  Pringle  &  Orr,  v/hole- 


60         SKETCHES  OF  SANDERSVILLE. 


sale  and  retail  dealers  in  groceries,  provisions,  hardware, 
guanos,  and  agents  for  the     Eureka  Mills." 

The  Orr  Brothers  have  a  branch  house  at  Tennille,  and 
do,  in  the  course  of  the  year,  a  business  amounting  to  a 
hundred  thousand  dollars. 

The  firm,  under  its  present  management,  was  estab- 
lished here  December  a  year  ago.  Capt.  Orr  was,  for  15 
years,  a  salesman  in  the  same  house,  and  is  as  popular 
personally  as  he  is  well  known.  Want  of  space  forces  us 
to  make  these  notices  brief.  He  certainly  will  always  have 
the  best  wishes  of  the  writer  for  his  success  in  all  future 
embarkations. 

T.  H.  Sparks  &  Co.,  established  here  eight  years  ago, 
is  an  exclusive  dry  goods  house,  and  successors  to  J.  J. 
Sparks.  They  keep  a  handsome  line  of  goods,  and  the 
firm  is  a  popular  one.  Remember,  east  side  of  Public 
Square. 

One  of  the  most  prominent  citizens,  as  well  as  one  who 
takes  a  live  interest  in  the  present  and  future  welfare  of 
Sandersville,  is  Mr.  C.  R.  Pringle,  President  of  the  San- 
dersville  &  Tennille  Railroad.  Mr.  Pringle  is  a  native 
of  Monroe  county,  Georgia,  but  spent  a  large  part  of  his 
early  life  in  Barnesville,  Georgia.  Mr.  Pringle  has  been 
in  the  mercantile  business  here  since  1866,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Brantley  &  Pringle,  afterwards  C.  R.  Pringle, 
then  he  sold  out  to  the  Orr  Brothers,  December,  188 1. 

The  Sandersville  &  Tennille  Railroad  was  something  very 
much  needed  by  the  people  of  Sandersville,  and  also  the 
visiting  public — the  city  being  three  miles  from  the  main 
road  of  the  Central.  The  road  was  built  in  1876;  it  cost 
in  all,  rolling  stock,  equipments,  etc.,  ;^22,ooo,  and  has 
been  a  prosperous  investment,  and  is  a  great  credit  to  the 
city. 

Mr.  Pringle  has  lived  in  Sandersville  twenty  years;  he 
owns  a  merchant  mill,  known  as  the      Eureka  Mill" — 


SKETCHES  OF  SANDERSVILLE.  61 


four  mills,  two  of  wheat  and  two  of  corn.  Mr.  Pringle  is 
president  of  the  old  board  of  Trustees.  He  is  full  of 
business,  having  at  the  same  time  several  plantations  that 
take  up  a  large  portion  of  his  time.  Ardent  and  straight- 
forward and  keenly  alive  to  anything  that  will  promote  the 
interest  of  the  community  among  which  he  resides;  as 
honest  as  he  is  fearless  in  denouncing  what  he  thinks 
wrong  or  unjust;  you  will  but  rarely  find  a  man  so  univer- 
sally regarded  as  incorruptible  as  to  integrity  and  honesty 
of  purpose.  This  is  the  estimation  in  which  the  public 
regard  Mr.  Pringle  in  Sandersville.  At  the  same  time  he 
is  the  most  modest  and  least  assuming  person  you  ever 
met,  A  prominent  .  citizen  (Capt.  Orr)  informed  the 
writer  that  he  did  not  think  that  there  was  any  power  on 
earth  that  could  tempt  Mr.  Pringle  to  commit  a  wrong 
act.    What  higher  compliment  could  be  paid  a  man  ? 

Mr.  Pringle  is  a  scientific  as  well  as  practical  planter, 
and  has  contributed  some  very  valuable  suggestions  to  the 
planting  community  in  the  way  of  newspaper  letters 
adapted  to  each  season  of  the  year,  and  each  period  of 
the  month  ;  compiled  and  issued  in  book  form  it  seems 
they  would  be  a  valuable  acquisition  to  agricultural  litera- 
ture. 

In  conclusion,  I  would  like  to  say  that  I  think  the  peo- 
ple of  Sandersville  the  most  hospitable  and  charming  peo- 
ple I  ever  met,  and  that  my  short  stay  there  will  always 
be  a  delightful  memory,  and  that  I  agree  with  my  hand- 
some and  distinguished  young  friend,  Mr.  Richard  W. 
Cone,  that  the  Sandersville  people  ought  to  be  lauded 
to  the  skies  J  of  whom  he  is  which.'' 

For  much  of  my  pleasure  aiid  comfort  while  there,  I 
am  especially  indebted  to  the  courtesy  of  that  most  ex- 
cellent hotel  landlord.  Captain  Latimer,  and  would  take 
pleasure  in  advising  all  travelers  not  to  fail  to  stop  at  the 

Sandersville  Hotel,''  if  they  v/ant  to  be  comfortable  and 


62         SKETCHES  OF  SANDERSVILLE. 


well  cared  for.  He  serves  the  best  of  food  in  the  most 
excellent  style,  and  you  are  waited  on  by  polite  and  atten- 
tive servants,  who  serve  you  willingly,  and  you  will  have 
the  satisfaction  of  remembering  that  you  stopped  with  the 
stateliest  and  finest  looking  gentleman  in  all  that  section  of 
country.    Remember  Captain  Latimer. 


SKETCHES  OF  SPARTA. 


Sketches  of  Sparta,  Ga. 


Sparta,  Georgia. 

Sparta,  seventy  miles  from  Augusta,  on  the  Macon  & 
Augusta  Railroad,  is  the  county  site  of  Hancock  county, 
and  has  a  population  of  nearly  one  thousand  people.  It 
it  is  an  old  town,  and  has  changed  but  little  since  the  war. 
It  is  a  pleasant  old  place,  and  long  ago,  as  is  yet,  a  great 
summer  resort  for  the  low  country  people.  Notwithstand- 
ing it  is  a  small  town,  yet  they  are  an  appreciative  peo- 
ple, and  have  a  beautiful  Confederate  Monument,  recently 
erected  by  the  ladies  of  Sparta. 

Sparta  is  at  present  much  exercised  over  a  $25,000 
court  house  in  course  of  erection,  to  be  finished  by  the 
1st  of  October;  it  will  be  a  very  handsome  building,  and 
will  be  a  credit  to  the  city.  Parkins  &  Bruce  of  Atlanta, 
are  the  architects.  Mr.  James  Smith  is  the  contractor. 
He  says  that  when  finished  it  will  be  the  best  masonry  in 
the  State,  outside  of  the  Custom  House  in  Atlanta. 

The  county  of  Hancock  was  laid  out  in  1793,  and 
Sparta  made  the  seat  of  justice  in  1797.  Sparta  has  sev- 
enteen business  houses,  one  bank,  one  drug  store,  eight 
lawyers,  and  six  physicians ;  a  high  school  under  the 
management  of  a  young  gentleman  who  recently  graduated 
at  Nashville — Prof.  Orr;  two  private  schools,  and  four 
Churches  of  the  "  usual  denominations."  Cotton  receipts 
are  between  seven  and  eight  thousand  bales  annually. 

Bishop  Pierce,  so  widely  known  and  beloved  throughout 
the  South,  has  a  country  residence  four  miles  from  Sparta. 
His  son,  Mr.  Lovick  Pierce,  is  the  largest  and  most  influ- 
ential merchant  of  Sparta,  doing  a  general  merchandise  as 
well  as  small  jobbing  business.    Mr.  Pierce  is  a  native  of 


64  SKETCHES  OF  SPARTA. 


Bibb  county,  Georgia,  and  was  born  in  the  Wesleyan  Fe- 
male College,  at  Macon,  Bishop  Pierce,  his  father,  being 
President  of  the  College  at  that  time.  Bishop  Pierce  was 
the  first  President  of  the  Wesleyan  Female  College. 

Mr.  Lovick  Pierce  was  educated  at  Emory  College,  grad- 
uating in  i860  ;  was  at  College  at  the  same  time  that  Dr. 
Haygood  was,  who  was  one  class  ahead  of  him.  Mr. 
Pierce  entered  the  army  July,  1861,  in  the  Fifteenth  Geor- 
gia Regiment,  Col.  Thomas  H.  Thomas  commanding, 
who  was  at  the  same  time  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court, 
and  Linton  Stephens  Lieutenant  Colonel  of  the  Regi- 
ment. In  1862,  Mr.  Pierce  was  made  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral. He  was  wounded  twice  at  Gettysburg,  and  in  the 
memorable  battles  around  Richmond.  Strange  to  say,  Mr. 
Pierce  never  lost  a  day's  duty  during  the  war,  except  from 
his  wounds.  What  a  faithful  soldier  he  must  have  been  ! 
He  surrendered  with  Lee  at  Appomattox,  came  home  in 
1865,  and  went  into  business.  He  is  a  prosperous  mer- 
chant, and  did  last  year  a  business  of  ;^  125,000. 

Judge  Frank  Little,  County  Judge  of  Hancock,  is 
"  dead  in  love  "  with  the  Sparta  Court  House.  His  whole 
soul,  time  and  attention  is  devoted  to  it;  it  is  his  idol;  he 
swears  by  it,  dreams  about  it  by  day  and  by  night,  and 
will  be  the  happiest  man  alive  when  it  is  finished.  Judge 
Little  has  been  County  Judge  for  ten  years;  was  formerly 
editor  of  the  Times  and  Ishmaelite ;  is  a  native  of  Harris 
county,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  LaGrange;  was  in 
Toombs'  Brigade,  and  in  the  same  mess  with  Mr.  Pierce, 
and  is  a  genial,  companionable  gentleman  ;  has  already 
selected  the  nicest  room  in  the  new  court  house  for  his 
office  ;  wish  him  much  joy  of  it. 

Ordinary,  R.  H.  Lewis ;  Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court, 
Dr.  T.  J.  Andrews ;  Dr.  Andrews  was  appointed  to  fill  an 
unexpired  term  ;  was  afterwards  regularly  elected,  1st  of 
January,  1781.   Is  an  old  citizen,  and  a  native  of  Taliaferro 


SKETCHES  OF  SPARTA.  65 


county,  and  has  lived  here  since  185  i  ;  is  a  graduate  of 
the  Georgia  Medical  College — graduated  in  August,  1859; 
was  in  the  State  Senate  during  the  war,  and  is  a  nephew 
of  Judge  Andrews,  who  died  at  Washington. 

Hon.  John  T.  Jordan,  of  Sparta,  attorney  at  law,  was  a 
gallant  Confederate  officer  in  the  Forty-ninth  Regiment, 
having  rose  to  the  rank  of  Colonel  before  the  close. 

He  went  out  as  a  private  and  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Colonel.  Mr.  Newman,  Ordinary  at  Sandersville,  was 
Adjutant  of  this  regiment ;  Col.  Jordan  was  wounded  at 
the  fall  of  Richmond.  He  is  a  native  of  Washington 
county,  and  came  here  to  live  in  October,  1865,  with  ''all 
lost  save  honor."  He  came  to  Sparta  with  nothing  in  the 
world  to  begin  his  career,  except  the  intellect  that  Heaven 
had  given  him,  and  a  Webster's  Unabridged  Dictionary. 
He  rose  rapidly,  and  has  now  a  handsome  practice. 

Col.  C.  W.  DuBose,  the  oldest  lawyer  at  the  Sparta 
bar,  has  lived  here  since  quite  young,  and  began  the  prac- 
tice of  law ;  was,  at  one  time.  Ordinary  of  the  county,  in 
1857  or  1859;  Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court  before 

and  during  the  war;  was  in  the  Legislature  during  the 
war,  and  served  one  term  since;  was  State  Senator  four 
years.  Is  a  fine  character,  and  a  zealous  member  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church. 

Hon.  Seaborn  Reese,  is  a  son  of  Hon.  Augustus  Reese, 
of  Madison.  Mr.  Reese  graduated  at  Athens  since  the 
war ;  read  law  with  his  father  and  practiced  in  Augusta, 
then  in  Madison,  in  copartnership  with  his  father;  was  in 
the  Legislature  one  term  from  Morgan  county,  and  occu- 
pied a  conspicuous  position ;  was  afterwards  appointed 
by  Gov.  Colquitt  Solicitor-General  of  the  Northern  Circuit, 
and  made  a  great  reputation  for  himself  in  that  line.  In 
1880  was  appointed  one  of  the  Hancock  Electors.  He 
has  a  fine  practice,  and  is  considered  one  of  the  ablest 
lawyers  of  the  circuit. 


66 


SKETCHES  OF  SPARTA. 


No  one  could  want  a  pleasanter  summer  place  than 
Sparta.  The  climate  is  delightful  and  the  water  good, 
and  the  Sparta  Hotel,  Edwards  House,"  kept  by  Mr.  J. 
T.  Bowen,  is  large,  airy  and  well  ventilated  ;  rooms  twenty 
feet  square  on  an  average,  the  most  immense  windows, 
twenty-four  panes  of  glass  to  a  window,  the  panes  being 
12x14  inches;  the  end  rooms  have  four  of  these  large 
windows,  and  all  the  others  two ;  so  one  can  have  as  much 
ventilation  as  one  wants. 

This  old  hotel  reminds  one  of  the  days  departed — it  is 
fifty-three  years  old.  The  proprietor  is  an  affable,  accom- 
modating landlord,  and  strives  to  see  that  his  guests  are 
*'happy."  Mr.  Bowen  is  a  gentleman  from  Gainesville, 
Ga.  ;  was  in  the  Eleventh  Georgia  Kegiment — Frank  L. 
Little,  Colonel.  Mr.  Bowen  has  been  here  twelve  years, 
and  will  be  glad  to  have  "every  body"  come  up  and 
spend  the  summer  with  him. 


SKETCHES  OF  MADISON.  67 


Sketches  of  Madison,  Ga, 


Madison,  Georgia, 

is  the  prettiest  and  most  prosperous  little  city  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  between  Atlanta  and  Augusta.  It  has 
been  the  county  site  of  Morgan  county  since  1809.  Has 
a  population  of  3,000.  Madison  was  settled  in  1807,  before 
the  Indians  left  this  country.  Madison  has  long  been 
celebrated  for  its  culture  and  refineinejit,  Morgan  county 
being  one  of  the  wealthiest  counties  in  Georgia  previous 
to  the  war.  It  is  also  noted  for  the  high  tone  of  its  society. 
Another  remarkable  fact  is  that  there  are  more  Northern 
settlers  in  Morgan  county  than  any  county  in  the  State. 
The  greater  part  of  that  are  planters  however.  And  to 
prove  the  harmonious  relations  that  exist  between  the 
citizens  and  the  Northern  settlers,  we  will  state  that  the 
Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court,  Mr.  E.  Heyser,  is  a  Northern 
man,  elected  to  this  office  fourteen  years  ago,  shortly 
after  coming  out  here.  Moreover,  Mr.  Heyser  has  always 
maintained  his  attitude  as  an  uncompromising  Republican. 
Again,  he  came  South — that  despised  of  all  things,  in  the 
Southern  States,  a  teacher  in  the  colored  schools.  At 
this  present  time  no  man  in  the  State  stands  higher  for 
integrity  and  ability  to  discharge  the  duties  of  his  office,  and 
for  honesty  of  purpose^  than  the  Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court. 
Mr.  Heyser  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  We  only  men- 
tion these  facts  in  proof  of  the  kindly  relations  between  the 
two  sections.  A  very  much  better  feeling  would  exist, 
and  many  more  Northern  people  be  delighted  to  emigrate 
South,  were  it  not  for  fear  of  social  ostracism. 

Apropos  to  this.    We  are  in  the  habit  of  applauding 


68 


SKETCHES  OF  MADISON. 


those  persons  who  renounce  society  and  civilization,  and 
go  as  teachers  among  the  heathen  to  China  and  Africa^  and 
among  the  Indians,  but  when  the  Northern  Missionaries 
came  South  to  do  what  they  honestly  believed  to  be  their 
duty  in  teaching  the  negro,  we  railed  out  at  them. 

Viewed  from  a  sensible  standpoint  the  whole  thing  looks 
ridiculous  at  this  present  time.  I  shall  never  forget  the 
feeling  of  horror  with  which  I  viewed  the  first  school 
teacher  for  negroes — a  white  w^oman  from  the  North — I 
ever  saw.  She  was  at  least  eight  feet  tall,  and  wore  a  two 
story  white  apron — commonly  known  as  a  apron — 

and  took  out  for  a  promenade  about  fifty  little  negroes,  of 
all  shapes  and  sizes,  trotting  along  at  her  heels.  I  think  if 
the  woman  had  known  what  vindictive,  resentful  feelings 
her  presence  aroused,  she  would  have  had  uneasy  slumbers 
that  night. 

Of  course,  the  Southern  people  have  gotten  over  all  that 
nonsense,  and  are  perfectly  willing  now  that  the  negro 
should  be  educated. 

Morgan  county  has  the  handsomest  and  mos>t  distingtdshed 
looking  Judge  in  the  State.  Judge  Calvin  George,  a  former 
prominent  member  of  the  Bar  of  Madison.  The  Ordinary^ 
T.  B.  Baldwin,  is  a  brother  of  H.  W.  Baldwin,  private  secre- 
tary of  Hon.  Alexander  H.  Stephens.  Mr.  Baldwin  was 
elected  August,  1877,  and  re- elected  January,  188 1  ;  is  a 
native  of  Madison.  The  Bar  of  Madison  consists  of  twelve 
members.  Hon.  Joseph  Billups,  now  of  Macon,  for  a  long 
time  made  Madison  his  home.  The  Hon.  Augustus  Reese, 
an  old  and  prominent  member  of  the  Georgia  Bar,  has 
lived  in  Madison  nearly  all  his  life  and  is  very  much  he- 
loved,  as  well  as  admired  by  the  Madison  people. 

P.  S.  Burney,  Mayor  is  a  native  of  Madison — was  elec- 
ted to  fill  an  unexpired  term,  and  was  re-elected  a  short 
time  ago.  Mr.  Burney  is  an  influential  citizen,  a  promi- 
nent merchant,  and  an  elegant  gentleman,  and  administers 


SKETCHES  OF  MADISON.  69 


the  affairs  of  the  city  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  citizens. 
He  is  in  partnership  with  his  brother,  Mr.  Samuel  A. 
Burney ;  has  a  large  and  handsome  brick  dry  goods  store, 
seventy-two  by  thirty  feet,  and  has  been  in  business  ten 
years. 

Mr.  Samuel  A.  Burney  is  one  of  the  most  interesting 
persons  in  conversation  the  writer  has  ever  met.  He  is  a 
graduate  of  the  Macon  University,  and  Treasurer  now  of 
the  Baptist  Convention  of  the  State  of  Georgia,  and  was 
a  member  of  Cobb's  Legion,  during  the  war. 

The  Madison  Male  High  School  is  in  charge  of  Professor 
E.  W.  Butler.  P.  W.  Butler  has  charge  of  the  Female 
School.  "  Forest  Home  Institute"  is  in  charge  of  Mrs.  E. 
Nebhut. 

M.  A.  Peteet 
Is  the  proprietor  of  an  elegantly  appointed  and  popular 
drug  store — perhaps  the  most  popular  in  the  town — estab- 
lished here  fourteen  years  ago.  Mr.  Peteet  was  for  ten 
years  with  Dr.  N.  B.  Atkinson,  who  has  retired  from  the 
business.  The  beautiful  assortment  of  books  and  fancy 
articles,  with  everything  pertaining  to  a  drug  store,  make 
it  an  attractive  place.  Mr.  Peteet  is  so  affable  and  cordial 
in  his  manner  that  his  popularity  is  hardly  to  be  wondered  at. 

Dr.  Alberte  Andrews, 

Insurance  Agent  at  Madison,  represents  four  companies, 
the  principal  of  which  is  the  Southern  Mutual,  of  Athens; 
also,  Georgia  Home,  Columbus  ;  Liverpool,  London  and 
Globe,  and  North  British  and  Mercantile.  Dr.  Andrews 
has  been  engaged  in  business  since  1865.  He  represents 
more  than  three  fourths  of  the  business  done  in  the  county. 
His  companies  have  promptly  paid  up  all  claims,  and  have 
no  unadjusted  losses.  The  Southern  Mutual  has  just  paid 
up  $4,000  loss  on  the  Baptist  Female  College,  burned  the 
first  of  February.    This  company  is  particularly  noted  for 


70  SKETCHES  OF  MADISON. 


its  promptness  and  for  the  little  trouble  the  holders  of  poHcies 
have  in  collections. 

Col.  David  S.  Johnston, 

the  present  Postmaster  at  Madison,  is  a  native  of  North 
CaroHna  ;  was  born  in  Caswell  county,  August  26th,  1826, 
and  is  a  descendant  of  a  very  wealthy  and  influential  family. 
Col.  Johnston  graduated  at  the  University  of  North  Caro- 
Hna, at  Chapel  Hill,  with  first  honors,  on  the  first  Thurs- 
day of  June,  1846,  and  on  the  next  Thursday  joined  the 
army  for  the  war  with  Mexico,  where  he  served  with  dis- 
tinction until  the  close.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in 
1850,  and  had  the  honor  of  representing  his  county  in  the 
House  in  the  same  year.  In  the  spring  of  185 1  he  left  his 
home  for  St.  Louis.  Stopping  in  Madison  for  a  few  days 
to  visit  his  relatives,  who  were  among  the  early  settlers  of 
the  town  and  are  now  the  wealthiest  and  most  prominent 
citizens  of  the  place,  he  met  his  fate^  in  the  person  of  the 
then  charming  and  beautiful  Miss  Saffold — at  a  dining  at 
Armadale  Cottage,  the  residence  of  his  cousin,  Mrs.  General 
Jessup- — to  whom  he  was  married  on  February  1 6th,  1853. 
The  charming  society  of  Georgia  induced  him  to  locate  in 
Augusta.  The  young  lady  to  whom  he  was  married,  was 
the  possessor  of  great  wealth,  owning  a  large  number  of 
slaves — which,  in  those  long  ago  days  before  the  war,  con- 
stituted the  glory  of  a  Southern  household.  Col.  John- 
ston, having  either  to  give  up  the  law  or  abandon  his 
slaves — of  whom  he  owned  a  large  number  himself — made 
up  his  mind  to  give  up  the  former;  which  he  did,  and  turn- 
ed his  attention  to  the  improvement  of  the  soil,  which  had  | 
been  impoverished  by  indifferent  tillage  He  converted 
his  large  estate  principally  into  land  and  negroes,  and  re- 
moved to  his  extensive  plantation  on  the  Chattahoochee 
river,  in  Early  county — looking,  as  people  did  in  those 
days,  to  the  increase  of  slaves  as  a  source  of  revenue. 


SKETCHES  OF  MADISOK 


71 


When  he  saw  that  war  was  inevitable,  he  sought  a  Gov- 
ernment contract  in  order  to  secure  a  bomb-proof.  When 
asked  if  he  would  take  a  contract  to  construct  armed 
barges  to  protect  the  Chhattahoochee  river,  he  answered 
that  he  would  engage  to  build  a  gunboat  on  his  plantation 
with  his  slaves. 

Without  ever  having  seen  a  gunboat,  and  with  only  the 
specifications  before  him,  he  entered  into  a  contract  to 
build,  and  did  build  one.  He  had  his  specifications  in  the 
hands  of  his  naval  constructor,  commenced  work,  and  within 
a  month  had  one  hundred  and  fifty  hands  at  work. 

After  the  destruction  of  Pensacola  Navy  Yard,  in  1861, 
his  force  was  increased  to  two  hundred  and  fifty — ship  car- 
penters, mechanics  and  laborers.  For  all  of  these  he  had 
provided  quarters  and  rations — which  was  of  itself  quite  an 
enterprise.  After  the  destruction  of  the  iron-clad  Virgin- 
ia, in  Hampton  Roads,  Captain  Catesby  Jones,  with  a 
large  number  of  the  officers  and  crew,  was  sent  to  Safifold, 
Georgia,  and  placed  in  charge  of  the  gunboat  Chattahoo- 
chee— which  this  most  enterprising  planter  had  contracted 
to  build  on  his  plantation  with  only  his  slaves,  and  which 
he  had  constructed,  with  the  assistance  of  others,  with- 
great  credit  for  his  energy,  enterprise  and  correct  judg- 
ment, and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Confederate  authorities. 

Col.  Johnston  accepted  the  Reconstruction  measures 
with  the  grace  which,  for  the  vanquished,  is  always  the 
better  part  of  wisdom. 

He  endeavored  to  plant  after  the  old  style,  and  in  1867 
planted  one  thousand  acres  in  cotton,  losing  ;^  13,000. 
Finding  that  to  make  Southern  agriculture  profitable  he 
must  identify  the  labor  with  the  land,  he  cut  up  his  large 
plantation  into  small  and  conveniently  arranged  farms,  sell- 
ing them  to  the  negroes  on  time,  and  provided  them  with 
a  mule  and  his  own  place  to  cultivate,  In  this  way  they 
were  taught  self  reliance ,    It  is  now  a  fact  that  more  ne- 


72  SKETCHES  OF  MADISON. 


groes  own  farms  in  Morgan  county  than  in  any  other 
county  in  Georgia, — which  is  the  outcome  and  result  of 
Col.  Johnston's  most  admirable  manner  of  dealing  with 
the  newly  freed  slave. 

Col.  Johnston  occupies  the  old  Saffold  homestead,  so 
well  known  in  this  section  of  country,  adorned  as  it  is  with 
the  grand  old  cedars  of  Lebanon,  stately  oaks,  and  the 
most  splendid  camelia  japonicas— ^Z;/  years  old — that  are 
in  America.  He  was  appointed  Postmaster  April  ist,  1880, 
which  office  he  fills  with  credit  to  himself  and  satisfaction 
to  his  friends. 


SKETCHES  OF  WAYNESBORO.  73 


Sketches  of  Waynesboro,  Ga. 


Waynesboro,  Burke  County,  Georgia, 

has  a  population  of  1,200;  annual  cotton  receipts  amount 
to  12,000  bales.  It  is  a  level,  beautifully  located  town, 
and  the  society  there  is  highly  cultivated  and  refined,  hav- 
ing long  enjoyed  the  best  educational  advantages.  Waynes- 
boro* is  situated  in  the  midst  of  the  richest  and  finest  cot- 
ton-growing region  in  the  State — there  are  only  about  four 
or  five  counties  in  the  State  that  make  more  cotton  than 
Burke  county;  it  is  a  splendid  business  centre,  with  aeon 
tinuously  increasing  trade. 

Major  Wilkins,  a  wealthy  and  prominent  citizen  of 
Waynesboro',  has  recently  built  and  opened  an  exceedingly 
handsome  and  convenient  Hotel,  more  elegantly  fitted  up 
and  finished  inside,  and  more  complete  in  details ^\t\idin  any 
hotel  in  Augusta,  not  even  the  Planters"  excepted,  (I 
have  stopped  at  every  hotel  in  Augusta  since  writing  these 
Sketches. )  The  most  elegant  taste  is  visible  throughout 
the  entire  building.  There  is  no  small  town  in  the  State 
that  can  boast  as  handsome  a  hotel,  with  the  exception  of 
the  Arlington,"  at  Gainesville,  finished  a  year  or  so  ago, 
at  a  cost  of  ;^ 2 5, 000. 

The  ''sojourner  by  the  wayside,"  as  he  stops  at  the 
Waynesboro*  Arlington,  dines  off  solid  silver^  and  has  his 
(esthetic  tastes  gratified  by  lovely  bouquets  at  his  plate  and 
his  salads  garnished  in  the  most  exquisite  style,  showing 
that,  notwithstanding  Mr.  Jones,  the  handsome  young 
landlord,  was  educated  at  Stuttgart,  he  ''  knows  how  to 
keep  a  hotel." 


74  SKETCHES  OF  WAYNESBORO. 


John  Devereux  Ashton. 

A  SHORT  SKETCH  OF  A  DISTINGUISHED  BURKE  COUNTY  LAWYER. 

The  genius,  taste,  and  great  success  in  law,  has  not  only- 
secured  a  State  reputation  for  Mr.  Ashton,  but  has  exerted 
a  formative  power  upon  the  intellectual  and  political  senti- 
ments of  the  community  where  he  resides.  Mr.  Ashton 
Avas  born  in  Meade  county,  Kentucky,  June  26th,  1836. 
His  paternal  ancestors  were  Virginians,  of  old  English 
stock ;  on  the  mother's  side,  Irish.  His  grandfather, 
Patrick  Devereux,  becoming  involved  in  the  Rebellion  of 
'98,  escaped  to  America,  and  landed  in  the  Old  Dominion. 

Mr.  Ashton  received  his  academic  course  in  Brecken- 
ridge  county,  Ky.,  and  finished  at  ttt.  Mary's  College,  near 
Lebanon,  Ky. 

In  his  twentieth  year  he  came  to  Georgia ;  was  admitted 
to  the  Bar,  and  formed  a  partnership  with  Hon.  George  R. 
Black — now  in  Congress.  In  1839  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Sallie  G.  Roberts,  of  Scriven  county,  Ga.  ;  afterward  moved 
to  Waynesboro',  and  formed  a  partnership  with  the  late 
Judge  S.  A.  Corker. 

Mr.  Ashton  was  appointed  a  delegate  to  the  ever-memo- 
rable Charleston  Convention,  from  the  Eighth  Congres- 
sional District,  but  was  unable  to  attend.  In  April  Mr. 
Ashton  went  into  the  Army  as  a  private  in  Company  D, 
Second  Georgia  Regiment ;  was  afterward  Captain  in  Com- 
pany D,  Forty-seventh  Georgia  Regiment,  and  subse- 
quently of  Company  M,  Fourth  Georgia  Cavalry,  com- 
manded by  Col.  I.  W.  Avery,  Private  Secretary  of  Gov. 
Colquitt. 

After  the  surrender  Mr.  Ashton  returned  to  Waynes- 
boro', and  has  since  devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  achieving  great  distinction  for  his  subtle 
elucidation  of  principles  and  analyses  of  authorities. — 
Whether  amid  the  arid  regions  of  law  and  business  or  the 


SKETCHES  OF  WAYNESBORO.  75 


obscure  depths  of  metaphysics,  he  is  equally  at  home,  pos- 
sessing in  a  high  degree  the  gift  of  philosophic  analysis — a 
man  of  clear,  direct,  uncircumspected  thought,  with  learn- 
ing of  a  wide  range,  and  information  still  more  wonderful 
in  its  minuteness  and  accuracy.  His  mental  acquirements 
have  kept  pace  with  his  splendid  physical  stature,  while  his 
address  is  the  perfection  of  finished  elegance. 

S.  A.  Gray,  General  Merchant, 

is  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  successful  business  men 
in  the  State,  and  one  who  owes  his  present  high  elevation 
in  commercial  circles  solely  to  his  own  exertions  and  native 
talent.  From  the  first  he  acquired  the  confidence  and  es- 
teem of  all  those  with  whom  he  had  business  relations, 
and  has  never  forfeited  that  confidence  to  the  present  time. 

Mr.  Gray  came  to  Waynesboro'  in  1850,  with  only  one 
hundred  and  thirty-eight  dollars  in  money,  and  began  life 
in  a  small  way.  From  those  humble  beginnings  he  now 
does  a  business  worth  ^175,000  a  year,  mostly  confined  to 
Burke  county.  His  large  and  handsome  store  contains 
fotcr  departments — Dry  Goods,  Hats,  Shoes,  and  general 
Groceries  ;  has  also  a  Buggy  and  Wagon  department  in 
the  rear  of  the  building.  He  regularly  employs  ten  sales- 
men, and  during  the  fall  season  about  fifteen.  Dimensions 
of  the  store,  eighty  by  sixty  feet,  with  handsome  iron 
front.    Outside  a  handsome  iron  stairway  leads  to 

Gray's  Hall, 

forty  by  thirty  feet,  used  for  public  entertainments.  The 
establishment  is  complete  in  all  its  details. 

Mr.  Gray,  for  many  years,  discharged  satisfactorily  the 
duties  of  City  Treasurer,  and  only  recently  gave  it  up. 
Mr.  Gray  is  a  large  property  owner  in  the  county,  as, well 
as  in  Waynesboro'.  He  owns  from  his  store  up  to  the 
Methodist  Church  ;  lives  himself  in  a  very  handsome  resi- 
dence ;  has  a  large  number  of  plantations,  ranging  from 


76  SKETCHES  OF  WAYNESBORO. 


one  hundred  to  seven  hundred  acres,  and  will  make  this 
year  five  hundred  bales  of  cotton.  He  has  been  successful 
in  whatever  he  has  undertaken,  and  is  now  the  most  promi- 
nent and  influential  citizen  in  Waynesboro'.  He  and  his 
family  go  every  summer  to  Saratoga  and  the  various  fash- 
ionable watering-places  of  the  North.  His  universal  popu- 
larity arises  in  a  great  measure  from  his  kindness  and  be- 
nevolence to  the  world  at  large,  and  he  fully  deserves  every 
encomium  passed  on  him. 


SKETCHES  OF  AIKEN.  Ti 


Sketches  of  Aiken,  S.  C. 


Aiken,  South  Carolina. 

Aiken,  Aiken  county,  South  Carolina,  has  a  population 
of  something  over  i,8oo.  The  county  has  a  population 
of  28, 112,  and  was  formed  from  portions  of  Edgefield, 
Orangeburg,  and  Barnwell  counties. 

The  stranger  visiting  Aiken  for  the  first  time  is  struck 
with  the  idea  of  space.  The  streets  are  handsome  boule- 
vards ;  the  trees  tall  and  wide-spreading,  with  the  bright 
blue  sky  shining  through  a  clear,  pure,  invigorating  at- 
mosphere. I  do  not  think  there  is  a  more  beautiful  pros- 
pect in  the  United  States  than  that  from  the  galleries  of 
the  famous  Highland  Park  Hotel.  To  stand  there  late  in 
the  afternoon  and  watch  the  sun  go  down  over  the  valley 
wide-spread  beneath,  bathing  everything  with  a  warm,  rich, 
roseate  light,  is  enchanting  indeed ;  then  the  stars  come 
out,  and  the     night  is  holy." 

The  town  of  Aiken  was  laid  out  in  1833,  by  the  South 
Carolina  Eailroad  Company,  and  named  Aiken  in  honor 
of  Wm.  Aiken,  its  first  President.  It  first  gained  promi- 
nence as  a  health  resort  by  invalids  coming  from  Charles- 
ton and  the  sea-coast.  The  beneficial  influences  of  the 
dry  air  on  the  lungs  of  invalids  soon  made  it  a  famous  re- 
sort for  people  from  everywhere,  and  Northern  people 
especially,  who  find  the  climate  of  Aiken  much  more  de- 
sirable than  that  of  Jacksonville ;  the  air  here,  divested  of 
its  humidity. 

Aiken  is  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  one  hundred 
and  twenty  miles  west  of  Charleston,  and  is  six  hundred 
feet  above  tide  water,  and  is  equally  desirable  both  as  a 


78  SKETCHES  OF  AIKEN. 


summer  as  well  as  winter  residence ;  but  I  never  intended 
to  write  a  health  article,  and  will  leave  that  for  the  disci- 
ples of  Esculapius  " — it  is  quite  out  of  my  line — I  only 
want  to  give  a  brief  sketch  of  some  of  its  citizens. 


South  Carolina !  The  very  name  is  synonymous  with  all 
that  is  dignified  and  chivalrous  and  noble.  Those  North- 
ern visitors  who  daily  parade  the  streets  of  Aiken  have 
but  faint  appreciation  of  the  comfortable  view "  these 
dilapidated  Southerners  have  of  themselves,  notwithstand- 
ing the  loss  of  that  ^'-jingling  of  the  guinea  which  helps  the 
heart  that  honor  feels.''  The  truest  thing  Judge  Tourgee 
ever  said  was  that  the  American  peo.ple  were  indebted  to 
the  Southerners  alone,  abroad,  for  the  preservation  of  their 
nationality ;  that  the  Northerner  in  Europe  tried  hard  to  ape 
the  foreign  aristocracy,  but  that  the  Southerners  were  so 
proud  of  being  Southerners  that  they  never  tried  to  be 
like  any  body  else.  A  South  Carolinian  folds  his  arms 
and  with  a  haughty  smile,  says  proudly,  I  am  a  South 
Carolinian!  My  ancestors  were  gejitlemen — my  children 
will  be  gentlemen — that  is  something  the  mere  loss  of 
fortune  can  never  take  away  from  us,  for  the  proud  blood 
of  South  Carolina  flows  through  our  veins.  Yes,  my 
friends  of  the  North,  we  are  proud  of  our  nationality, 
and  prouder  of  being  Southerners  than  we  would  to  have 
wielded  the  scepter  of  the  Kings,  for  was  it  not  the 
slender,  patrician  hands  of  these  Southern  scions  of  roy- 
alty that  grasped  the  musket  on  the  frozen  banks  of  the 
Potomac  ?  They  were  half  clothed  and  starving,  but  they 
cheered  as  they  went  over  the  breastworks  at  Chancellors- 
ville.  We  will  teach  our  children  to  swear  around  their 
altars  to  be  still  fonder  and  still  prouder  that  they  are 
Southerners.  Apropos  to  this,  a  very  amusing  episode  re- 
cently occurred  in  Aiken,  which  is  suggestive,  to  say  the 
least  of  it. 


SKETGHE  OF  AIKEN.  79 


The  "Blues"  and  the  ''Reds"  at  Aiken  challenged 
each  other  a  week  ago  to  play  a  ga'me  of  Polo.  Being  an 
outside f  can  afford  to  make  comments:  The  Blues,  head- 
ed by  Capt.  Wallace,  were  very  apprehensive  that  the 
Aikenites  would  not  be  able  to  "  interest  or  amuse"  them 
even,  so  this  magnanimous  Captain,  indeed,  imparted  his 
apprehensions  to  the  gallant  Captain  of  the  "Reds," 
His  Honor,  Quitman  Davis,  Mayor  of  Aiken.  Mr.  Davis 
informed  his  opponent  that  they  would  "try"  to  interest 
them,  and  thought  perhaps  they  could.  The  day  appoint- 
ed for  the  game  was  a  grand  gala  day ;  all  the  beauty  and 
chivalry  of  Aiken  turned'  out  and  wore  the  colors  of  the 
North  and  South.  The  Reds  won  the  day.  The  impetu- 
ous South  Carolinians  rode  right  over  the  Northerners, 
and  never  let  them  gain  a  point,  not  even  one,  notwith- 
standing their  politely  worded  apprehensions  that  the 
Reds  would  not  be  able  to  "  interest  "  them. 


Aiken  has  a  very  handsome  Court  House,  recently  fin- 
ished at  a  cost  of  about  ^16,000.  They  are  just  now 
erecting  a  new  town  clock. 

The  Bar  of  Aiken  consists  of  about  twelve  members. 
County  Judge,  W.  W.  Williams;  County  Treasurer,  J.  E. 
Murray;  Clerk  of  the  Court,  Wm.  M.  Jordan;  Sheriff,  M. 
T.  Holly ;County  Auditor,  Dr.  J.  H.  Morgan;  County 
School  Commissioner,  Charles  A.  Senn ;  County  Commis- 
sioners, William  Stephens,  Chairman,  J.  V.  Guyes,  El- 
dridge  Gunter;  County  Coroner,  S.  P.  Kitching. 

Judge  Williams  has  been  in  office  six  years,  and  in  that 
time  has  given  perfect  satisfaction ;  is  a  native  of  Aiken ; 
was  a  gallant  Confederate  soldier,  belonging  to  the  army 
of  Northern  Virginia  ;  was  captured  and  lay  in  prison  a 
long  time. 

Dr.  J.  H.  Morgan,  Auditor,  was  appointed  to  this  office 
January,  1870;  was  in  the  Wade  Hampton  Cavalry,  Fifth 


80  SKETCHES  OF  AIKEK 


Regiment,  S.  C.  ;  lost  his  leg  near  Petersburg,  in  August, 
1864;  was  also  wounded  at  Pocotaligo,  October,  1862;  is 
a  native  of  Lexington  county,  and  a  graduate  of  Medicine 
at  Charleston,  1837. 

M.  T.  Holly,  Sheriff,  has  been  in  office  six  years — end 
of  this  term  will  make  eight  years ;  is  a  native  of  the 
county ;  was  a  First  Lieutenant  in  the  Fourteenth  S.  C. 
Regiment,  in  General  McGowan's  old  regiment ;  was  in 
all  the  battles  around  Richmond,  and  in  the  coast  service 
around  Port  Royal.  In  addition  to  his  office  he  devotes  a 
great  deal  of  his  time  to  planting,  having  several  extensive 
plantations  in  the  vicinity  of  Aiken. 

The  Bar  of  Aiken  are  young  men  entirely  ;  the  oldest 
man  at  the  Bar  is  O.  C.  Jordan,  who  has  had  nine  years' 
practice,  and  in  choosing  the  profession  of  law  he  has 
placed  himself  in  a  position  to  command  the  respect  of  the 
world,  notwithstanding  the  masses  affect  to  believe  that 
lawyers  are  an  essential  evil,  a  class  of  men  hired  to  lie  and 
cheat  and  steal.  This  belief  comes  from  ignorance ;  a 
lawyer  has  not  got  half  the  chance  to  deceive  you  that  a 
merchant  has,  or  a  Doctor,  even  ;  they  have  not  the  op- 
portunity if  they  had  the  disposition,  for  those  astute  and 
far-seeing  brothers  in  tribulation,  are  always  on  the  qidvive 
to  correct  each  other's  private  short  comings  in  public,  not 
in  private.  Therefore  lawyers  stand  more  individualized  be- 
fore the  people  than  any  other  class,  with  fewer  chances  to 
deceive.  Lawyers  preserve  inviolate  a  professional  eti- 
quette. They  but  rarely  traduce  each  other,  whereas, 
physicians  frequently  do.  This  wide  world  over  the  law- 
yers are  the  most  generous  and  charitable  men  that  live, 
and  of  course  are  bound  to  be  the  most  intellectual ;  for 
who  are  the  men  that  rule  this  mighty  nation  ?  Who  are 
the  Govefnors,  the  Senators^  and  the  Presidents  of  this 
American  nation  ?  Are  they  not  all  lawyers  by  profession  ? 
carving  their  way  upward  by  the  sheer  force  of  their  own 


SKETCHES  OF  AIKEN.  81 


intellect,  for  it  is  brains^  if  you  please,  that  have  ruled  the 
world  since  the  days  when  Napoleon  gathered  his  Guards 
around  him  on  the  terrace  in  front  of  the  Castle  of  Cas- 
mopoli,  and  urged  then  to  resume  the  Eagles  they  had 
worn  at  ye7ta,  at  Eylau,  and  at  Ffiedlandy  and  to  plant  the 
Imperial  Eagles  once  more  over,  the  turrets  of  the  Notre 
Dame ;  and  brains  it  will  be  that  will  rule  the  woild  until 
the  end  thereof.  The  author  has  often  heard  the  opinion 
expressed  that  no  "lawyer  will  ever  enter  the  Kingdom  of 
Heaven."  Heaven  would  be  a  dull,  stupid  place  without 
the  society  of  the  legal  fraternity,  I  imagine. 

Master  L.  D.  Whitson,  aged  ten,  the  writer's  handsome 
young  son,  has,  at  this  early  age,  declared  his  intention  of 
becoming  a  lawyer,  and  has  already  expressed  a  great 
aversion  to  manual  labor.  On  being  told  recently  to 
"  bring  in  the  wood  his  brother  had  cut,"  declared  that 
lazvyers  did  not  do  that  sort  of  work that  his  brother 
Will  was  not  going  to  be  anything  but  an  old  farmer  any- 
way, and  to  let  him  bring  it  in.     Excuse  this  digression. 

The  popular  member  of  the  Aiken  bar,  Mr.  Jordan,  of 
whom  we  begun  to  write,  has  been  in  practice  here  nine 
years.  He  read  law  after  the  war  with  the  Hon.  George 
W.  Croft,  and  was  admitted  shortly  afterwards.  Mr.  Jordan 
was  in  the  Fourteenth  S.  C.  Regiment,  in  the  Confederate 
service,  and  is  a  native  of  South  Carolina.  No  man  stands 
higher  at  the  Aiken  bar  as  a  scholar  and  a  gentleman  than 
Mr.  Jordan,  being  universally  popular  with  all  classes  of 
society. 

D.  S  Henderson, 

of  the  noted  law  firm  of  Henderson  Brothers,  came  to 
Aiken  in  1872,  from  CoUetqn  county,  South  Carolina  ;  was 
a  graduate  of  the  Charleston  College  in  1870;  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1871.  Mr.  Henderson  takes  an  ac- 
tive part  in  the  affairs  of  the  State,  and  is  a  conspicuous 
member  of  the  South  Carolina  Legislature,  being  a  Rep- 


82  SKETCHES  OF  AIKEN. 


resentative  from  Aiken  county,  and  well  known  through- 
out the  State,  for  the  vigor  with  which  he  expresses  his 
opinions ;  makes  himself  felt  in  that  distinguished  body  of 
South  Carolinians ;  is  also  the  attorney  for  the  Granite- 
ville  and  Langley  Factories.  The  brilliant  fancy  he  pos- 
sesses in  a  remarkable  degree,  so  far  from  leading  him 
astray,  he  keeps  habitually  under  the  control  of  a  sober 
judgment,  which  aids  him  powerfully  in  stating  clearly, 
and  illustrating  with  copiousness  whatever  he  wishes  to 
expound  or  express.  To  these  intellectual  capabilities  Mr. 
Henderson  adds  the  scarcely  less  valuable  requisites  of 
candor  and  temper,  the  finest  motives  and  the  most  gen- 
erous sympathies  ;  a  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  law, 
and  an  ardent  love  of  literature  for  its  own  sake,  and 
habits  of  the  most  untiring  industry,  have  succeeded  in 
placing  him  side  by  side  with  the  brilliant  bar  of  South 
Carolina  ;  young  as  he  is,  already,  which  is  only  a  foretaste 
of  the  fame  which  awaits  him  in  the  future,  being  a  most 
effective  pleader,  and  popular  orator. 

Philip  Albert  Emanuel,  Attorney  at  Law, 

was  born  in  Marlboro*  county,  S.  C. ,  at  a  place  called 
Brownsville,  May  3d,  1847.  ^^'^  Emanuel  was  very  care- 
fully educated  at  a  private  school,  under  the  tuition  of 
Percival  E.  Hall,  a  graduate  of  Burlington — a  gentleman 
retained  by  a  few  friends  to  educate  their  children  at  this 
place. 

It  was  intended  by  the  parents  of  Mr.  Emanuel  that  he 
should  follow  the  profession  of  Law,  and  that  as  soon  as  his 
tutor  should  pronounce  him  prepared,  that  he  should  be 
sent  to  college.  The  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion  was  the 
cause  of  his  being  sent  to  the  Hillsboro'  Military  Acade- 
my, of  North  Carolina.  He  remained  there  some  time,  and 
took  high  standing  among  a  large  class  of  students.  The 
attack  upon  Charleston,  in  the  fall  of  1863,  caused  those 


SKETGHE8  OF  AIKEK 


83 


high-spirited,  enthusiastic  young  Cadets  to  call  a  meeting 
and  organize, — a  company  of  about  sixty  Cadets  proceed- 
ing immediately  to  Charleston  and  offering  their  services 
in  defense  of  that  city. 

The  question  being  raised  as  to  the  right  of  the  State  to 
receive  them,  Gen.  Beauregard  and  Gov.  Bonham  ordered 
them  back.  Some  returned  to  Hillsboro',  and  others  went 
into  different  commands  in  the  Southern  Army.  Mr. 
Emanuel  attached  himself  to  the  Hampton  Legion  ;  served 
in  Virginia  until  the  surrender,  and  was  paroled  at  Appo- 
mattox Court  House.  In  Virginia  he  served  under  the 
gallant  Gen.  Gary  (whom  the  author  had  the  pleasure  of 
knowing).  Ever  afterward  he  was  a  warm  personal  friend 
of  Gen.  Gary. 

After  the  surrender,  though  quite  ill,  Mr.  Emanuel 
made  his  way  home  across  the  country,  and  reached  there 
only  to  be  stricken  down  with  typhoid  fever,  which  left 
him  a  shattered  constitution.  On  his  recovery  he  removed 
to  Charleston,  and  was  for  five  years  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits,  receiving  in  this  way  an  excellent  business  educa- 
tion, which  he  has  found  most  beneficial  to  him  in  his  pres- 
ent profession. 

Mr.  Emanuel  was  married  in  1868  to  Miss  Amelia  Jose- 
phine Wilson,  daughter  of  Maj.  Isaac  R.  Wilson,  of  John's 
Island,  and  turned  his  attention  to  planting  Sea  Island 
cotton,  near  Charleston.  Finding  this  not  profitable,  and 
failing  in  health  at  the  same  time,  he,  in  March,  1876, 
turned  his  attention  entirely  to  the  profession  of  the  law — 
which  he  had  read,  at  intervals,  since  he  was  a  boy.  Led 
to  Aiken  by  that  "  divinity  which  shapes  our  ends,"  he 
entered  the  office  of  the  Hon.  D.  S.  Henderson,  and  in  a 
short  time  was  admitted  to  the  Circuit  Court — a  buna  fide 
attorney — with  all  the  wide,  wide  world  before  him  in 
which  to  make  fame  and  fortune. 

Again  his  old,  best  friend,  Gen.  Gary,  appeared  on  the 


84  SKETCHES  OF  AIKEN. 


scene,  and  placed  business  in  his  hands  that  Mr.  Emanuel 
thinks  was  the  stepping-stone  to  the  large  and  lucrative 
practice  he  now  enjoys. 

In  1880  he  went  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  his  State  for 
the  first  time,  and  gained  his  first  case  before  that  august 
tribunal,  opposed  as  he  was  by  the  leading  lawyers  of  the 
Aiken  Bar — Messrs.  Croft  and  Henderson. 

A  perfect  stranger  in  Aiken  five  years  ago,  he  came 
seeking  health  as  much  as  professional  success,  and  to  his 
own  energy  and  industry  does  he  owe  the  high  stand  he 
has  taken  at  this  Bar.  An  indefatigable  student,  at  the 
same  time  methodical  in  his  habits  and  business  arrange- 
ments, Mr,  Emanuel  enjoys  a  first  class  practice.  He  is 
a  gentleman  with  a  pleasant,  attractive  face,  with  a  courtli- 
ness of  manner,  springing  from  "  human  kindness." 

James  Aldrich, 

a  prominent  member  of  the  Bar  of  Aiken,  is  a  native  of 
Barnwell  county,  South  Carolina ;  was  educated  at  the 
Washington  and  Lee  University,  at  Lexington,  Virginia ; 
read  Law  by  himself ;  an  untiring,  indefatigable  student, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  in  1872,  before  Judge  Maher. 

Mr.  Aldrich  has  been  a  distinguished  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  for  four  years,  and  is  now,  at  the 
earnest  solicitions  of  his  friends,  a  candidate  for  Attorney 
General,  which  is  proof  of  the  high  esteem  and  apprecia- 
tion in  which  he  is  held  in  his  own  community.  There  is 
no  affectation  of  pomp  and  ceremony  about  Mr.  Aldrich, 
and  his  marmer,  both  to  the  Bench  and  Bar,  has  always 
been  in  a  high  degree  characterized  by  candor,  courtesy 
and  deference,  and  that  suavity  of  manner  that  never  fails 
to  please  ;  while  he  is  equally  noted  for  that  same  acute- 
ness  of  observation,  accuracy  of  judgment,  and  variety  of 
learning,  as  well  as  soundness  and  originality. 


SKETCHES  OF  AIKEN. 


85 


Mr.  Aldrich  is  considered  by  his  friends  to  be  eminently 
fitted  for  the  high  office  for  which  he  is  a  candidate,  and 
no  one  doubts  his  abiHty  to  discharge  the  duties  of  Attor- 
ney Generalship  of  South  Carolina. 

George  W.  Croft. 

The  mind  which  can  individualize  itself  in  a  profession  in 
which  learned  and  distinguished  men  are  so  numerous  in 
this  age,  must  have  a  deep  intellectual  root  and  active  life. 
The  above  is  a  shining  example  of  what  energy  and  ambi- 
tion can  do.  Having  been  in  the  profession  eleven  years, 
Mr.  Croft  now  enjoys  one  of  the  largest  and  most  lucrative 
practices  in  this  section  of  South  Carolina,  and  is  regarded 
a  formidable  rival  at  the  Aiken  Bar.  Mr.  Croft  is  a  native 
of  Edgefield  ;  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Virginia, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  Bar,  before  Judge  Orr,  at  Greene- 
ville,  South  Carolina,  in  the  fall  of  i860.  His  manifest 
progress  and  established  position  at  the  Aiken  Bar  and 
adjoining  counties  in  which  he  practiced,  is  too  well  known 
to  need  any  comment  from  a  pen  incapable  of  doing  him 
justice.  Mr.  Croft  is  a  leading  lawyer  in  this  portion  of 
wSouth  Carolina,  whose  opinions  are  valued  for  their  strength 
and  soundness  and  the  intensity  with  which  he  dehvers 
them. 

Dr.  B.  F.  Wyman, 

A  DISTINGUISHED  SOUTH  CAEOLINA  PHYSICIAN. 

At  the  head  of  the  medical  profession  at  Aiken,  with 
an  extensive  practice,  especially  among  Northern  visitors, 
we  find  the  name  of  Dr  B.  T.  Wyman.  This  gentleman 
is  a  native  of  Beaufort,  South  Carolina  ;  was  educated  at 
Charleston,  and  was  during  the  war  in  the  Eleventh  South 
Carolina  Regiment,  Hagood's  Brigade.  The  close  of  the 
war  found  him  Captain  of  a  company.  For  the  past  four 
years  he  has  made  Aiken  his  home.  His  success  among 
his  patients  has  been  almost  unprecedented  since  coming 


86 


SKETCHES  OF  AIKEN. 


I 


to  Aiken,  as  he  stands  acknowledged  to-day  as  the  leading 
physician  in  Aiken, 

Major  James  E.  Crossland, 

Civil  Engineer  by  profession,  has  lived  in  this  section  of 
country  since  1846  ;  graduated  in  South  Carolina  College, 
in  1845,  with  degree  of  A.  B  ;  was  in  the  Confederate 
service  during  the  entire  war,  and  a  member  of  the  Hol- 
combe  Legion ;  was  in  the  second  Manassas  and  many 
other  battles  in  Virginia ;  also,  the  Maryland  Campaign. 
Major  Crossland  is  one  of  the  best  and  truest  citizens  of 
Aiken.  He  is  now  engaged  in  drawing  a  map  of  theGran- 
iteville  possessions,  embracing  twelve  thousand  acres  of 
land,  of  which  he  made  the  survey  last  summer. 

Real  Estate,  Insurance  and  General  Commission 
Agency,  Aiken,  South  Carolina, 

is  represented  by  Messrs.  E.  J.  C.  Wood  and  Liberia  Ott. 
This  firm  represent  the  Home  Insurance  Company,  of 
New  York;  Georgia  Home  Insurance  Company,  and  Frank- 
lin Fire  Insurance  Company,  Philadelphia.  Mr.  Ott  has 
lived  in  Aiken  thirteen  years,  and  in  that  time  has  become 
thoroughly  identified  with  the  place,  as  his  interests  all  lie 
here.  He  has  been  a  warm  friend  of  Aiken,  and  has  worked 
zealously  in  the  interests  of  the  town.  Mr.  Ott  is  a  native 
of  Albany,  New  York,  and  is  very  earnest  in  his  efforts  to 
develop  the  South. 

The  Highland  Park  Hotel,  at  Aiken, 

has  become  so  widely  known,  and  is  so  popular,  that  the 
proprietor,  Mr.  B.  F.  Chatfield,  finds  it  impossible  to  ac- 
commodate the  crowds  that  pour  in  upon  him.  Really,  I 
saw  whole  omnibus  loads  of  Northern  visitors  turned  away 
from  the  Highland  Park  ;  but  this  distinguished  Hotel  keep- 
er is  equal  to  the  emergency,  and  the  crowds  found  accom- 


SKETCHES  OF  AIKEN.  87 

modation  at  the  Park  Avenue — under  the  same  excellent 
management — which  is  easy  of  access  from  the  Depot, 
being  only  a  stone's  throw  from  there.  Mr.  Brown,  man- 
ager ot  the  Park  Avenue,  takes  excellent  care  of  his  visi- 
tors— which  they  remember  and  appreciate.  On  the  whole, 
Aiken  is  a  delightful  place,  individually  and  collectively," 
and  one  it  is  pleasant  to  remember. 

IMPORTER  AND  JOBBER  OF 

Usm,  KHIM,  EARTHENWARE, 

Lamps,  Brackets,  Chandeliers, 

SOUSE JFTJRNISIIIJ<^a  GOODS, 

905  Broad  Street,  -  -  AUGUSTA,  GA. 
VAL.  W.  STARNES, 

TTOI^n>TE^  "^^Tv", 
805  BROAD  STRKET, 

CHARLES  Z.  McCORD. 

Exchange    Bank  Building, 
811  Broad  Street,  -  -  AUGUSTA,  GEORGIA. 


AUGUSTA  HOTEL 


EMERSON  Y.  FOOTE,  Proprietor. 


Rates  -  -  $2  Per  Day. 


Those  who  can  appreciate  the  comforts  and  refinements  which  make 
Hotel  life  enjoyable,  will  find  it  to  their  advantage,  when  visiting  this 
city,  to  stop  at  the  AUGUSTA  HOTEL. 

The  cvisine  is  admirable,  well  prepared,  and  served  with  the  most  fas- 
tidious neatness.  In  the  meantime  you  get  your  comforts  here  at  mar- 
vellously  low  rates,  considering  the  comfortable  beds  and  general  air  of 
cleanliness  that  pervades  the  entire  establishment. 

At  the  same  time,  families  who  desire  quiet,  retired  apartments,  shut 
out  from  the  bustle  and  roar  of  Broad  street  below,  can  find  rooms  suited 
to  all  the  privacy  desired. 

Mr.  Foote  is  a  very  accomplished  Hotel  keeper,  the  clerks  polite  and 
attentive,  and  anxious  that  their  guests  should  be  comfortable  and  waited 
on — which  is  an  important  item  with  those  living  in  Hotels. 

The  long  and  airy  halls  are  especially  attractive,  and  suited  for  the  ex- 
ercise of  children  shut  up  in  a  Hotel,  whose  vivacity  is  bound  to  have 
vent  somewhere. 

Mr.  Foote  will,  this  summer,  thoroughly  overhaul  and  refurnish  the 
Hotel  from  one  end  to  the  other,  and  will  spare  no  pains  or  expense  to 
make  it  the  most  comfortable  and  attractive  Hotel  in  Augusta. 

Since  writing  these  "Sketches  of  Augusta,"  the  author  has  had  the 
pleasure  of  stopping  a  few  days  at  a  time  in  each  of  the  four  Hotels  in 
this  city,  and  does  not  hesitate  to  aver  that  the  AUGUSTA  HOTEL 
serves  the  most  palatable  food,  and  is  preferable  to  any  Hotel  in 
Augusta. 


JESSE  THOMPSON.  GEO.  S.  HEINDEL. 

THOMPSON  &  HEINDEL, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

DOORS.  SASH.  BLINDS 

MOULDINGS,  BRACKETS, 

DEALEES  IN 

PAIOTX  OILS,  BEUSHES,  WHITE  LEAD,  ZLNC, 
WINDOW  GLASS,  AND  BUILDERS' 
HAKDWARE. 

Planing  Mill  and  Lumber  Yard,  Hale  Street,  near  Cen- 
tral R.  R.  Yard,  Office  and  AYare  Rooms, 

No.  310  Jackson  Street,  -  -  AUGUSTA,  t}A. 


E.  A.  SHOLES  &  Co., 

Successors  to  Frank  Smyth, 
Dealers  in  STOVES,  GRATES,  MANTELS.  RANGES,  HEATERS, 

HOUSE    FURNISHINO  GOODS, 
And  all  kin  (is  of 

III,  coppiE  AID  saiiT  mm  W4ii. 

ROOFING  AND  GUTTERING. 

924  Broad  Street,  Opposite  Planters  Hotel, 

AUGUSTA,      -      -  GEORGIA. 


REAL  ESTATE  AGENT  and  NEGOTIATOR  OF  LOANS, 
Ag-ent  Augusta  (Ga.)  Land  Company. 

Miliisjsi  mi  Sinia  Fs  Eaiiksai  Um'^mj,  Em^m, 
W.  J.  RUTHERFORD'S  CELEBRATED  BRICKS, 

PHCENIX   MERCANTILE    and    COLLECTION  ASSOCIATION, 

No.  25  Mcintosh  Street,  between  Broad  and  Reynolds, 

jltig-ti ST ^,    -  -  -  -aEonaiji. 


W.  R  SPEIR 

Plans  and  specifications 

For  Factories,  Opera  Houses,  Residences,  Villas,  Cottages, 
Churches,  Bridges,  etc.,  etc.. 

Office,  No.  8  Law  Range  -  -  AU&USTA,GA. 

J.  p.  BONDURANT.  W.  B.  JOPLING,  W.  B.  LOWE,  of  Atlanta. 

BONDURANT,  JOPLING  &  CO., 

Manufacturers  and  DepJers  in  all  kinds  of 

BRICKS, 

DeLaigle  and  Augusta  Brick  Yards, 
Press  Bricks  a  Specialty. 

Watches,  Diamonds,  Jewelry. 

STERLING    AND     PLATED  WARE, 

702  BROAD  STREET, 

Wholesale  and  Retail  Dealer  in 
OQiIFlOf  IQIEII,    Flllfi.    ill-S,  lie. 

ALSO,    MANUFACTURER  OF 
UNDER    SUPERVISION  OF 

Geo.  F.  Lamback, 


HENRY  L.  ATWATER, 

GENERAL  AGENT 

Milbum  Wagon  Co. 

For  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama,  N.  Carolina,  Florida. 

Manager  Southern  Branch  Milburn  Wagon  Co,, 
J.  E.  JOHNSON  &  CO., 

Office:  Healy  Building,  Marietta  Street, 
L.  MIMS,  General  Agent. 

Markham  House, 

ATLANTA,  GA, 

W.  A.  HUFF  -   -   -  'Propr-ieto-r. 

Board  Three  Dollars  Per  Day. 

WM.  L.  BAKER,  President.  R.  0.  RANDALL,  Secretary. 

JOSEPH  G.  BLOTTN'r,  Vice-President.       H.  M.  EUSTIS,  Assistant  Secretary. 

W.  D.  lilZZELL,  Medical  Director.       -      CANDLER  &  THOMSON,  Legal  Advisers. 

"bkae  ye  one  another's  burdens." 

PEOPLES 

MUTUAL  RELIEF  ASSOCIATION, 

GAXE  CITY  ?«AXIO?>JAI^  I3AP)iK:  DEI»OSlXOIlY. 

Office  Corner  Peachtree  and  Wall  Streets,  Up  Stairs. 


A.  C.  BRUCE.  T.  H.  MORGAN, 

BRUCE  &  MORGAN, 


Rooms  1,   2  and  3  Healey  Building, 

(CORISrER  PEAOHTREE  and  MARIETTA  STREETS  ) 
ATLANTA,  GEORGIA. 

We  desire  to  call  especial  attention  to  the  above  card,  as  having  the 
largest  and  most  successful  business  in  the  South.  The  firm  have  in- 
creased their  facilities  for  this  year's  work,  and  can  give  the  best  of 
references,  amoug  whom  the  Atlanta  National  Bank,  Hon.  Frank 
Little,  Sparta,  Georgia,  J.  O.  Wynn,  Macon,  Georgia. 

Among  some  of  the  most  noted  buildings  erected  under  their 
supervision  and  designed  by  them,  are  the  Young  Men's  Library  Build- 
ing, Governor's  Mansion,  residence  of  John  H.  James,  thai;  of  Colonel 
John  T.  Grant,  Henry  Grady's  exqaisite  new  house,  W.  W.  Austell's, 
Court  House,  Atlanta,  Shorter  College,  at  Rome,  Moore  &  Marsh's 
Palace  Store,  Atlanta,  and  hundreds  of  others 

Mr.  Alexander  Bruce,  senior  member  of  the  firm,  is  a  native  of 
Nashville,  Tennessee,  an  old  and  well  known  citizen  of  that  city.  No 
man  stands  higher  for  honesty  of  purpose  and  integrity  of  character,  in 
Nashville  than  Mr.  Alexander  Bruce.  To  prove  which,  he  has  been 
selected  as  the  architect  to  draw  up  the  design  and  supervise  the  build- 
ing ol:  the  famuus  "Watkin's  Institute,"  in  Nashville,  which  is  a  Young 
Mens  Public  Library.  Mr.  Sam.  Watkins,  a  wealth}'"  citizen  of  Nash- 
ville, died  some  months  ago  and  left  $100,000  with  which  to  erect  this 
Library.  The  handsome  old  Fogg  residence,  on  Church  street,  has 
been  purchased  for  the  site  of  the  building,  and  the  design  turned  over 
to  Mr.  Bruce,  in  proof  of  Nashville's  appreciation  of  her  former  citizen. 
Mr.  Bruce's  many  and  w^arm  friends  in  Nashville,  were  delighted  that 
he  got  the  plan.  The  firm  of  Bruce  &  Morgan  have  a  svdte  of  otfices 
in  Atlanta,  whose  walls  are  hung  with  the  most  exquisite  designs  of 
Churches,  Masonic  Temples,  and  Public  Buildings  of  various  kinds. 
The  offices  are  crowded  all  day  long  with  eager  and  admiring  visitors. 
Mr.  Bruce  has  been  engaged  for  twenty  years  in  the  business,  and 
thoroughly  understands  every  de[yartment.  He  is  more  widely  known 
than  any  architect  in  the  South.  The  junior  member  of  the  firm,  Mr. 
Morgan,  is  a  native  of  Knoxville,  Tennessee,  and  studied  architecture 
with  Mr.  Bruce  in  that  city,  and  came  with  him  to  Atlanta.  He  too,  is 
thoroughly  accomplished  in  the  art,  having  for  years  given  close 
attention  to  it,  and  perfecting  himself  in  all  its  details.  Together  they 
are  a  very  popular  firm,  while  appreciative  Atlanta  is  proud  of  her  two 
famous  citizens. 


ize.  E_  Xj.  E"V"^3srs, 


General  Insurance  Agent. 

BROAD  (CORNER  7th  S'I'REET),  Chris.  Gray's  Building,  Augusta, 

Georgia 

FIRE  ASSOCIATION,  of  Philadelphia  ^4,813,270 

CONTINENTAL,  of  New  York   1,007, 0(io 

BRITISH  xAM ERICA,  of  Canada   1,500,000 

PROVIDENCE,  WASHINGTON,  of  Piovidi  nce,  R.  1   890,503 

Also,  State  Agent  NEW  ENGLAND  MUTL'.\L  LIFE  INSURANCE 
COMPANY,  of  Boston,  assets  over  $16,000,000. 


Richard  W.  Cone, 


SANDERSVILLE,  GA. 


GEORGE    W.  HOOPER, 

jittor'riey  cut  Lclw, 

Opelifea-,  -i^la.Toa,m£L- 


I 


